the call of the wild Essay -- essays research papers

The Call of the Wild, on the surface, is a story about Buck, a four- year old heel that is part Shepherd and part St. Bernard. More burning(prenominal)ly, it is a naturalistic tale about the survival of the fittest in nature. Throughout the novel, Buck proves that he is fit and passel endure the law of the club, the law of the fang, and the laws of nature. Buck had been raised in California, on the ranch of Judge Miller. There he had the run of the place and was loved and pampered by all. Unfortunately, one of the judges workers had a gambling problem and stole Buck to sell him for fifty dollars. Buck fights being tied, caged, and beaten, but his efforts only frustrate him. He is get on a train and a boat, being shipped to Alaska to be used as a sled dog. Although he is poor on the journey, Buck learns an important lesson - the law of the club. If he does non obey, he will be beaten. In Alaska, Buck is sold to become a sled dog. Intelligent and hard working, he quickly learns t o adapt to his new life. He becomes a good sled dog, working as part of the team he also learns how to protect himself from the miserable cold, burrowing under the snow, and how to find food, stealing if necessary. He also learns he must always be alert, for there are dangers everywhere. Additionally, Buck learns the law of the whip, for if he does not obey the driver or do his fair share of pulling, he will be popped. Buck also learns the law of the fang. Unlike the domesticated dogs at Judge Millers ...

Sweden’s Position on Personal Privacy in Cyberspace Essay -- Swedish S

Swedens Position on Personal Privacy in CyberspaceThe Internet and computing machine age has enabled people to work instant(prenominal) and more efficiently, with practically unlimited access to information. As much as the technology boom has made our lives easier, as with most good inventions, there is close to negativity that must be dealt with. The dissemination of information on the global network has put personal privacy at risk. Obviously, we are not termination to give up new technologies that enrich human life for the sake of maintaining our privacy however, measures must be taken to keep the public, or government, from abusing the Internet and computer databases for malevolent reasons. Every country in the world has its own policies on human rights to personal privacy and will deal with the threat the Internet has presented. In this paper, we will explore Swedish laws and regulations and its viewpoint on safekeeping privacy in this Internet age. A recent survey called Di gital Life index, which is conducted year by the Jupiter Research group, concluded that Swedes were the most digital-savvy people amongst 17 Western European countries. This title essentially means that Swedes are more inclined(predicate) to trying out new technologies when they first come out on the market. Swedish households are more likely than their Western European counterparts to own digital handheld gadgets, satellite dishes, mobile phones, and high-speed Internet connections.1 We can assume that this translates into more time spent using the Internet and transferring information across databases, which requires Sweden to be considerably more conscious of preserving its people privacy. Sweden, historically, has held personal privacy in very high regard compared to other cou... ...Data Directive, <http//dsv.su.se/jpalme/society/eu-data-directive-revision.html15 Palme, J. Swedish Attempts to regularize the Internet, <http/dsv.su.se/jpalme/society/swedish-attempts.html1 6 Privacy Exchange, Summary of the New Personal Data Protection displace for Sweden, <http/www.privacyexchange.org/legal/nat/omni/swedensum.html17 Palme, J. Critical Review of the Swedish Data Act, <http/dsv.su.se/jpalme/society/data-act-analysis.html18 Palme, J.Swedish Law on Responsibilities for Internet Information Providers, <http/dsv.su.se/jpalme/society/swedish-bbs-act.html19 Swedish Data Inspection Board, <http/www.datainspektionen.se/pdf/arsredovisningar/eng_1999.pdf20 Arrision, S., 23 Oct 2003,Perspective Privacy Lessons from Europe, CNet News, < http//news.com.com/2010-1069-962993.html? get over=lh

The Proposed Legalization of Same Sex Marriage :: Gay Lesbian Homosexual Papers

The Proposed Legalization of Same Sex MarriageThe proposed legalization of same-sex brotherhood is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. Presently, it is one of the most vigorously advocated reforms discussed in law reviews, one of the most explosive semipolitical questions facing lawmakers, and one of the most provocative issues emerging before American courts. If same-sex join is legalized, it could be one of the most revolutionary policy decisions in the score of American family law. The potential consequences, positive or negative, for children, parents, same-sex couples, families, social structure public health, and the status of women are enormous. Given the importance of the issue, the value of comprehensive debate of the reasons for and against legalizing same-sex marriage should be obvious. Marriage is much more than merely a commitment to love one another. Aside from societal and religious conventions, marriage entails legally impose f inancial responsibility and legally authorized financial benefits. Marriage provides automatic legal protections for the spouse, including medical visitation,succession of a deceased spouses property, as well as pension and other rights. When two adults desire to contract in the eyes of the law, as well a perhaps promise in the eyes of the ennoble and their friends and family, to be responsible for the obligations of marriage as well as to enjoy its benefits, should the law prohibit their request merely because they are of the same gender? I intend to prove that because of Article IV of the United States Constitution, there is no reason why the federal government nor any state government should curb marriage to a predefined heterosexual relationship. Marriage has changed throughout the years. In Western law, wives are today equal rather than subordinate partners interracial marriage is now widely accepted, both in statute and in society and marital failure itself, rather t han the fault of one partner, may be grounds for a divorce. Societal change clear been felt in marriages over the past 25 years as divorce rates have increased and have been integrated into even upper class families. Proposals to legalize same-sex marriage or to enact broad domestic partnership laws are currently being promoted by gay and lesbian activists, especially in Europe and North America. The trend in western European nations during the past decade has been to increase legal economic aid to homosexual relations and has included marriage benefits to some same-sex couples.

Melvilles Moby Dick :: Essays Papers

Melvilles Moby Dick Melville was born in a time of American recital where inspiring works of American literature began to emerge. It was also a time when America had not completely separated its literary heritage from Europe, partly because in that location were successful literary genius flourishing there. Melville proved to be a genius of his own, with his piecey works such as Moby Dick, Billy Bud, and Bartleby. Three distinguishable themes could be seen throughout most of his literature whales and the whaling industry, commentary on the universe and human destiny, and ideas about God and nature. Moby Dick is an incredible work by Melville most often referred to as an epic, a tragedy, a novel, an exposition on the whaling, and a spiritual autobiography. It is often overlooked that a deeper, more symbolic, meaning may retain been the driving force behind Moby Dick.Herman Melville was born on August 1, 1819, to Allan and Maria Melville. He was the third of eight child ren in the Melville family. He was generally described as silent and slow his mother thought him to be a very dull child. In 1832 Melville suffered tragedy when his father died. Finishing school when he was fifteen, Melville took usefulness as confine boy aboard the St. Lawrence. After returning to his home in New York for some time after serving as cabin boy, Melville took berth as an ordinary seaman aboard a whaling ship called the Acushnet. After approximately four and a half years as a seaman on various ships, he set down, again in New York, to write of his experiences. Within six years he had published five books. Shortly thereafter Melville was married and moved his family to a farm near Pittsfield, Massachusetts. It was at this location where Moby Dick was written. Moby Dick was first published in 1851. Melville move to write, both poetry and stories, until three months before his death in 1891.Melvilles perspective on life was that God created the universe with an infinite number of meanings and man is always trying to determine one specific meaning (Robertson-Lorant 65). It is possible that Melville, through writing, was seeking out some of his many destinies bestowed upon him by God. The basis of the get to Moby Dick can be traced back to an article in the New York Knickerbocker Magazine in May of 1839 (Madden).

Shakespeare and the Wedding Ring Tradition :: William Shakespeare

The Wedding Ring TraditionSignificance of Rings To ShakespeareDuring Shakespeares time, the wedding and engagement rings indicated fealty. The rings Portia and Nerissa gave to Bassanio and Gratiano, that they were never to remove, were unsloped that. I give them with this ring, Which when you part from, lose, or give away, Let it presage the ruin of your love And be my vantage to exclaim on you (3.2.171-4). The rings stood for the mans commitment to his wife just as rings Bassanio and Gratiano would give to Portia and Nerissa at their weddings would stand for the wives commitment.Rings were common mainly among the richer parts of society, who could afford such a token. bloody shame queen mole rat of Scots sent a diamond ring to Thomas Duke of Norfolk to indicate her willingness to marry him. However, peasants would give smaller tokens or none at all. It was unremarkably the teddy that everyone in a village knew who was married, so no symbol was necessary. In the case that a man wishes to break a wedding contract, he essential give back double all of the tokens he has received, usually a collection of small items. This made it even less practical for the poorer community in society to give rings.The fact that Portia and Nerissa gave rings to Bassanio and Gratiano is mainly an indication of their wealth. The commitment could have been symbolized by any token given to the men, but development a ring also shows that they are wealthy. Elizabethans would know that the ring itself was of no consequence to the marriage, but rather what it stood for was important.Origin Of The TraditionEngagement rings ab initio served a double purpose. In the days when brides were purchased, these rings were partial payment for the bride in addition to symbolizing the grooms intentions and womans agreement. Diamonds were first found in Medieval Italy and collectable to their hardship symbolized enduring love.Shakespeare and the Wedding Ring Tradition William ShakespeareTh e Wedding Ring TraditionSignificance of Rings To ShakespeareDuring Shakespeares time, the wedding and engagement rings indicated commitment. The rings Portia and Nerissa gave to Bassanio and Gratiano, that they were never to remove, were just that. I give them with this ring, Which when you part from, lose, or give away, Let it presage the ruin of your love And be my vantage to exclaim on you (3.2.171-4). The rings stood for the mans commitment to his wife just as rings Bassanio and Gratiano would give to Portia and Nerissa at their weddings would stand for the wives commitment.Rings were common mainly among the richer parts of society, who could afford such a token. Mary Queen of Scots sent a diamond ring to Thomas Duke of Norfolk to indicate her willingness to marry him. However, peasants would give smaller tokens or none at all. It was usually the case that everyone in a village knew who was married, so no symbol was necessary. In the case that a man wishes to break a wedding con tract, he must give back double all of the tokens he has received, usually a collection of small items. This made it even less practical for the poorer people in society to give rings.The fact that Portia and Nerissa gave rings to Bassanio and Gratiano is mainly an indication of their wealth. The commitment could have been symbolized by any token given to the men, but using a ring also shows that they are wealthy. Elizabethans would know that the ring itself was of no consequence to the marriage, but rather what it stood for was important.Origin Of The TraditionEngagement rings initially served a double purpose. In the days when brides were purchased, these rings were partial payment for the bride in addition to symbolizing the grooms intentions and womans agreement. Diamonds were first found in Medieval Italy and due to their hardness symbolized enduring love.

The Effects Of The Wall Street Crash :: Free Essays

The effects of the Wall Street Crash were felt all around America as people starved, businesses became bankrupt and unemployment rose. This era was known as the Great Depression and would last for another ten to twenty years.In the short term, rich investors lost great deals of money. Whilst, poorer investors, who had borrowed on the shore, could not repay their loans and thus became bankrupt.After a while, these incidents began to affect the American public. Firstly, unemployment rose as industries sunk into decline. The 14 million unemployed was a free contrast to the 1.5 million unemployed in the 1920s. To make things worse, wages across the country began fall rapidly as people became more and more on the watch to work for less.This led to many impoverished families being forced into homelessness, poverty and starvation. Every town had a so-called Hooverville, a shanty town of neglectful huts where migrants lived, while they searched for work. In these Hoovervilles, conditio ns were unsanitary and disease spread easily. Many of these people lived on food provided by charities, but by 1932, the Red Cross, for example, could only fountain 75 cents a week to each family.A banking crisis then swept across America, as the confidence of the American public fell. In 1929, 659 banks failed due to free loans. As a result people stopped trusting banks and withdrew their savings. This in turn led to more banks failing.People in agriculture were hardest hit by the Depression because the 1920s had not been kind to them anyway. Many farmers had their body politic and homes repossessed, as they could not afford to pay back their mortgages and loans. Furthermore, since areas in the Southern States had been over cultivated, the land became less and less fertile and a Dust Bowl arose. Many of these ruined farmers travelled to California to find any labouring work.

The Effects Of The Wall Street Crash :: Free Essays

The effects of the Wall Street Crash were felt all around the States as people starved, businesses became bankrupt and unemployment rose. This era was known as the Great Depression and would last for another ten to twenty years.In the short term, profuse investors lost great deals of money. Whilst, poorer investors, who had borrowed on the margin, could not repay their loans and thus became bankrupt.After a while, these incidents began to affect the American public. Firstly, unemployment rose as industries sunk into decline. The 14 million unemployed was a stark contrast to the 1.5 million unemployed in the 1920s. To make things worse, wages across the country began fall rapidly as people became more and more prepared to work for less.This led to many impoverished families being forced into homelessness, poverty and starvation. Every town had a supposed Hooverville, a shanty town of ramshackle huts where migrants lived, while they searched for work. In these Hoovervilles, conditio ns were unsanitary and disease spread easily. Many of these people lived on food provided by charities, simply by 1932, the Red Cross, for example, could only give 75 cents a week to each family.A banking crisis then swept across America, as the confidence of the American public fell. In 1929, 659 banks failed due to unpaid loans. As a result people stopped trusting banks and withdrew their savings. This in turn led to more banks failing. passel in agriculture were hardest hit by the Depression because the 1920s had not been kind to them anyway. Many farmers had their land and homes repossessed, as they could not afford to pay plunk for their mortgages and loans. Furthermore, since areas in the Southern States had been over cultivated, the land became less and less fertile and a Dust Bowl arose. Many of these ruined farmers travelled to California to call back any labouring work.

“The Importance of Mother Tongue-Based Schooling for Educational Quality”

Commissioned study for EFA Global Monitoring Report 2005 Carol Benson, Ph. D. Centre for investigate on Bilingualism Stockholm University 14 April 2004 Part A Overview While there ar galore(postnominal) factors involved in delivering quality radical education, verbiage is clear the key to communication and understanding in the classroom. Many damping countries are characterized by individual as well as societal multilingualism, insofar reside to altogetherow a single foreign linguistic process to dominate the education sector.Instruction through a language that insureers do not speak has been called submerging (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000) because it is similar to holding learners under water without teaching them how to swim. Compounded by chronic difficulties such as low levels of teacher education, poorly designed, inappropriate curricula and lack of commensurate school facilities, immersion makes both learning and teaching extremely difficult, particularly when the langu age of instruction is also foreign to the teacher.M early(a) tongue-based bilingual programs use the learners first language, haven as the L1, to teach beginning reading and writing skills along with academic content. The second or foreign language, known as the L2, should be taught dodgingatically so that learners after part gradually transfer skills from the familiar language to the unfamiliar one. Bilingual models and practices vary as do their results, but what they have in common is their use of the mother tongue at least in the early years so that students can acquire and develop literacy skills in growth to understanding and participating in the classroom.Bilingual as opposed to monolingual schooling offers evidentiary pedagogical advantages which have been reported consistently in the academic books (see reviews in Baker 2001 Cummins 2000 CAL 2001) Use of a familiar language to teach beginning literacy facilitates an understanding of sound-symbol or meaning-symbol corr espondence. Learning to read is most efficient when students know the language and can employ psycholinguistic guessing strategies likewise, students can communicate through writing as soon as they understand the rules of the orthographic (or other written) system of their language.In contrast, concentration programs may succeed in teaching students to decode words in the L2, but it can take years before they incur meaning in what they are reading. Since content area instruction is provided in the L1, the learning of new concepts is not postponed until children suffer competent in the L2. Unlike submergence teaching, which is often characterised by lecture and rote response, bilingual instruction allows teachers and students to interact naturally and negotiate meanings together, creating participatory learning environments that are conducive to cognitive as well as linguistic development. Explicit teaching of the L2 beginning with oral skills allows students to learn the new l anguage through communication rather than memorization. In submersion schooling teachers are often forced to translate or code-switch to convey meaning, making concept learning inefficient and even impeding language learning, mend bilingual programs allow for systematic teaching of the L2. Transfer of linguistic and cognitive skills is facilitated in bilingual programs.Once students have basic literacy skills in the L1 and communicative skills in the L2, they can begin reading and writing in the L2, efficiently transferring the literacy skills they have acquired in the familiar language. The pedagogical principles layabout this positive transfer of skills are Cummins (1991, 1999) interdependence guess and the concept of common underlying proficiency, whereby the knowledge of language, literacy and concepts learned in the L1 can be rise to spoted and used in the second language once oral L2 skills are developed, and no re-learning is required.Consistent with these principles, i t is possible for children schooled only in the L2 to transfer their knowledge and skills to the L1, but the process is highly inefficient as well as being unnecessarily difficult. Code-switching and code-mixing involve alternation between languages, and are common communication strategies in bi- and multilingual contexts. Code alternation functions best when all parties are competent speakers of the languages involved, but in submersion classrooms it is more of a coping strategy for dealing with a foreign instructional medium and does not necessarily contribute to second language learning.As specialists Lanauze & cytosine explain, transfer means that language skills acquired in a first language can, at least if developed beyond a certain point in L1, be recruited at relatively early stages of L2 acquisition for relatively skilled performance in L2, thus shortcutting the normal developmental progression in L2 (1989 337). student learning can be accurately assessed in bilingual c lassrooms. When students can express themselves, teachers can diagnose what has been learned, what remains to be taught and which students need further assistance.In submersion schooling cognitive learning and language learning are confounded, making it difficult for teachers to determine whether students have difficulty understanding the concept itself, the language of instruction, or the language of the test. The affective domain, involving confidence, self-esteem and identity, is strengthened by use of the L1, increasing motivation and initiative as well as creativity.L1 classrooms allow children to be themselves and develop their personalities as well as their intellects, unlike submersion classrooms where they are forced to sit silently or repeat mechanically, leading to frustration and ultimately repetition, reverse and dropout. Students become bilingual and biliterate. Bilingual programs encourage learners to understand, speak, read and write in more than one language. In contrast, submersion programs attempt to promote skills in a new language by eliminating them from a known language, which may actually limit learner competence in both.All of these advantages are based on devil assumptions one, that basic human needs are being met so that schooling can take place and two, that mother tongue-based bilingual schooling can be properly giveed. Simply changing the language of instruction without resolving other pressing social and political issues is not likely to result in significant improvement in educational services. However, because language cross-cuts race, ethnicity, gender, and poverty, even minimally implemented bilingual programs have the potential to reach those who have traditionally been left behind by L2 submersion schooling.This paper pass on discuss how choosing an appropriate language of instruction has positive implications for education in terms of both increasing access and improving quality. Education for All Building Strong Lea rning Foundations thru the Mother Tongue * Philippine basic education is now at a small crossroad. It now calls for the revisiting of our commitment to Education for All (EFA) 2015. All stakeholders have to be vigilant and involved. Otherwise, education will just be a weak transformative power in our society.Instead of education for all, it will be education for the few instead of seeing Filipino youth become critical thinkers, coherent communicators, and productive citizens we will see a generation of unreflective and mediocre mouthpieces of languages not their own. We affirm the need to improve learning competencies in all subject areas, including English. Our educational system has to move forward following a roadmap drawn by experts in language and education based on empirical proofs. Experiences of other multilingual countries all point to the mother tongue as the best language of learning, especially in the early grades.The mother tongue is the most effective bridge to and i nvention for the learning of other languages like English. At this stage, however, many of our lawmakers and national leaders still hold on to the unfounded but long-held belief that an English-dominated initial basic education will produce superior learners. We submit that such educational strategy will only benefit a very small subject of Filipinosthose who belong to families where English is the home language. But the truth is that the majority of our school children come from homes where the mother tongue is the predominant language.This explains their marginalization in the classroom. Such marginalized learners, as pointed out by scientific evidences lay out the double burden of learning. They are struggling to learn the 3Rs on top of the big burden of learning an exotic language in which they are taught. This predicament is one of the major culprits of poor performance and high drop-out rates. All of these imply the needed approach teach the yet unknown 3Rs through the alre ady familiar local language and culture, build the learners capacity to learn and introduce a second language with the correct phasing.With such mother tongue-based multi-lingual education (MLE) framework, the mastery of all the learning areas including English is effectively attained. It is a basic truth that language embodies a persons heathen identity and heritage. To uphold this truth, even international law guarantees and directs states educational system to develop respect for the childs own cultural identity and language (Article 29-c Convention on the Rights of the Child). Thus, we reject any assertion that a local language may be inferior, inadequate and poses an obstacle to learning.We also reject the uncouth argument that MLE is costly and, therefore, very hard to implement in the face of limited financial resources. Papua New Guinea, a poor Asian country of more than 800 languages, has demonstrated that reliance on local initiatives and resources for MLE is highly feas ible and substantially saves on much costs of developing and producing learning materials. Recently, our own DepEds Agusan master copy MLE Study corroborated the practicality and merits of local self-reliance and initiatives.Thus, we submit that ultimately, to insist on teaching with an alien language is more costly and inefficient when children do not become functionally literate and hardly develop higher order thinking skills and whose English competencies are mediocre. Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education Many Filipino learners face barriers in education. One of these barriers is that our learners often begin their education in a language they do not understand. Because they do not understand the language of education, many learners become discouraged and tend to drop-out from school.Content of material is often culturally distant or unfamiliar to the learners. The limited education that learners receive does not prepare them for long learning. Mother tongue-based multili ngual education (MLE) is a formal or nonformal education, in which the childrens mother tongue is used in the classroom as a bridge in learning Filipino and English. Children begin their education in a language they understand, their mother tongue, and develop a strong foundation in their mother language.The purpose of a multilingual education program is to develop appropriate cognitive and reasoning skills enabling children to operate equally in divergent languages starting in the mother tongue with transition to Filipino and then English. It is a structured program of language learning and cognitive development which provides learners with a strong educational foundation in the first language. If the mother tongue is not used, we create people who are illiterate in two languages.Children do not become sufficiently fluent in their mother tongue (L1) in both oracy and literacy if their vocabulary in L1 is limited, thus restricting their ability to learn a second language (L2). A s trong foundation in L1 is required for learning L2. Childrens understanding of concepts is limited or confused if sway is only L2. The benefits of MLE include the following Reduced drop-out Reduced repetition Children are attending school. Children are learning. Parents and community are involved. It is more cost effective to implement mother tongue programs.A region wide training was conducted last summer in preparation for this school years pilot implementation. A regional association of supervisors, school heads and teachers was organized during that training. Feedback gathered from the pilot implementers revealed that teachers find the use of the MTB-MLE very useful. Pupils are very participative and most of them have learned to read by this time. Although some teachers find it tiresome, especially in the preparation of materials, but they feel rewarded by seeing the enjoyment among the pupils in their learning experiences.

Hercules in Popular Culture

Hercules For my research paper I chose to explore and analyze instances of the great Greek/ popish hero, Heracles (Hercules), appearing in popular culture and the effect his myths had on early civilizations. Considered by most to be the greatest of the Greek folk heroes, Hercules was the embodiment of masculinity and physical power. The word herculean literally translates into having enormous strength, courage, or size (dictionary. com. ) Since their inception, the myths and legends of Hercules have been immensely popular and have had vast influences on masses and cultures passim the world.Over the next few pages I will attempt to compare and contrast several examples of Hercules representation in pop culture with the underlying myths that are existence depicted. I will also piece in the undeniable influence these myths have had on people end-to-end history. First, however, I would like to start by giving a little bit of background information on the hero neckn as Hercules. Her cules was born as the son of Zeus and a beautiful individual woman named Alcmene, in the Greek city of Thebes. Due to his fathers divinity, Hercules was given the gift of extraordinary physical strength and courage.From the beginning, the events of his livelihood were shaped by the wrath of the goddess Hera, who scorned the boy that was a reminder of her husbands infidelity. As he matured he faced unlimited tasks and hardships, but through his victories he forever glorified himself in ancient literature. The stories of Hercules had quite a large impact on the early Greeks. Some, much(prenominal) as the ancient Spartans, believed they were descendants of the great hero and strived to be like him on the battlefield and in the gymnasium.Elsewhere, in Thebes, the Cult of Heracles was a religious group that was created which worshiped him as the divine protector of man. The cult constructed many shrines throughout the ancient world and even held festivals in his honor every year (the oi. com). Later on, the Roman imperium completely idolized the champion they referred to as Hercules and showcased his popularity by crafting countless statues, temples and gardens in his name. In Pompeii, there are many such gardens that were built for him including the House of the garden of Hercules (Jashemski).A mountain passage that led from Italy to Spain was even known to the Romans as The Road of Hercules (DeWitt). Beautiful architecture dedicated to Hercules can still be found throughout the world today, such as the Hercules Garden at the Blair Castle in Perthshire (Dingwall). As you can see, he is more than incisively a myth to these people he is an influential cultural icon who they looked up to. As great a hero as he was, Hercules was not without flaw. He was also know to have an intense desire for women and wine and was prone to extreme fits of rage (Phillips).One myth which paints Hercules in a bad light comes from his childhood. As a boy, he murders his musical tuto r Linus with his own lyre for reprimanding him. In adulthood, he kills his wife Megara and their children while he was temporarily driven mad by Hera (ancientgreece. com). Though not perfect, I believe that it is this complexity of character that has fascinated audiences and allowed the Herculean myths to withstand the test of time so well. An other(a) factor that I believe has played into the popularity of his myths is the contemporary obsession with larger than life heroes and the heroic ideal.Andrew Anderson, a Harvard professor of the Classics, explains that Hercules was the first representation of the perfect hero and may have been used as the molding for later greats such as Achilles and Alexander the Great, who were both thought to have idolized Hercules. Myths of Hercules have captivated audiences and established themselves in popular culture since the geezerhood of ancient Greece. Flash forward to the present, and the Hercules name is trendier than ever. His stories are r egularly depicted through the use of earmarks, TV shows, comics, flicks, plays, action figures and even video back ups.Though he hasnt always been drawed correctly in the lime light, these modern day representations are imperative to keeping his legend alive. In the last 50 eld alone, he has been the inspiration for various works of art. In 1963, Hercules was shortly represented in the pic Jason and the Argonauts. He joined Jason and the crew of the Argo in search of the well-fixed Fleece but left the mission early for personal reasons, which is consistent with the actual myth of Jason and the Argonauts.In 1970 the movie Hercules in New York cast the perfect take role in Arnold Schwarzenegger, who looked like a modern day version of our hero, but had little to do with actual mythology. The casting of Arnold Schwarzenegger as Hercules seemed especially sensible because both have had such an impact on the ideals of physical fitness and the art of body building. It is said tha t famous body builder Eugene Sandow (1890s), who is treated as a father of the early muscle building movement in America, was inspired to lift weights as a child after seeing a classic statue of Hercules (Wyke).Another facet of popular culture that showcases Hercules is the Marvel Comic Books. The Marvel version of Hercules was created in 1965 by Stan Lee as a topnotch besotted rival to Thor, who came from Norse mythology (comicvine. com). In the comic books he is commonly shown in his Lion skin cloak and holding his iconic wooden club. His typical super strength and courage are defining qualities in the comic book representation, as is his role as a womanizer. The Marvel comics also correctly portray his bouts with Atlas and the monster Typhon.One fairly recent portrayal of Hercules can be seen in the 1997 Disney movie, Hercules. The details of the movie dont follow the mythology of Hercules perfectly, but it hits luxuriant of the main points to make for a passable story. For in stance, from the beginning the film implies that Hera is the actual mother of Hercules, which we already know is untrue. In the movie, Hera is kind and compassionate towards Hercules, which contrasts sharply with the acold remorse she holds for him in most historic literature.Another discrepancy is the role of Megara in the movie, who was previously mentioned as Hercules first wife. In the movie, she is under the power of Hades and is laborious to help make Hercules become a mortal. If they do not succeed, it is prophesized that Hercules will rise up and stop Hades and the Titans from taking over Mt. Olympus. Though the movie wasnt always accurate, it did a great job of blending in other famous myths into the story. However, the film does correctly portray many aspects of the actual myths.The 12 Labors of Hercules, which may be the most popular literature based on our hero, is accurately portrayed in the movie in the correct order. Some other examples include the reasoning behind Hercules semi-divinity, his godlike strength and courage, and his journey to the Underworld and conflict with Hades. The movie also properly states that Hercules will be the only mortal ever to join the gods on Mount Olympus upon his death, though in classic literature he dies on his own funeral pyre after being poisoned kind of of drowning in the river Styx.The movie became a hit with children and is definitely responsible for increased interest in Greek and Roman myth with American youth. The success of the movie led to the creation of an animated cartoon series and even a videogame for the Playstation and PC. In the last decade, he has been represented in the popular video game franchise Kingdom Hearts, in which he is presented as he looks from the Disney movie. Even more recently he appears briefly in the book The Sea of Monsters, which is book number two in the ever popular Percy Jackson and the Olympians book series.Its interesting that these myths have had such a strong foll owing for such a long period of time. From ancient Greece to present day, the legends of Hercules have fascinated countless generations of people and have withstood the test of time extremely well. Hercules is more than just a set of stories and myths he is a world renowned pop-culture icon who will inspire more books, television and movies in the years to come. Sources Heracles and His Successors A demand of a Heroic Ideal and the Recurrence of a Heroic Type Andrew Runni AndersonHarvard Studies in Classical Philology Vol. 39, (1928), pp. 7-58 Published by Department of the Classics, Harvard University Stable universal resource locator http//www. jstor. org/ unchangeable/310599 http//open. edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/greek-heroes-popular-culture-through-time? track=e02cce8d6b Rome and the Road of Hercules Norman J. DeWitt Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association Vol. 72, (1941), pp. 59-69 Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press Stable unifor m resource locator http//www. jstor. org/ fixed/283041 The Hercules Garden at Blair Castle, PerthshireChristopher Dingwall Garden History Vol. 20, No. 2 (Autumn, 1992), pp. 153-172 Published by The Garden History Society Stable URL http//www. jstor. org/ durable/1587041 The Garden of Hercules at Pompeii (II. viii. 6) The Discovery of a Commercial Flower Garden Wilhelmina F. Jashemski American Journal of Archaeology Vol. 83, No. 4 (Oct. , 1979), pp. 403-411 Published by archeological Institute of America Stable URL http//www. jstor. org/stable/504139 Heracles F. Carter Philips The Classical World Vol. 71, No. 7 (Apr. May, 1978), pp. 431-440Published by Classical Association of the Atlantic StatesStable URL http//www. jstor. org/stable/4348926 Herculean Muscle The Classicizing Rhetoric of Bodybuilding Author(s) Maria Wyke Source Arion, Third Series, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Winter, 1997), pp. 51-79 Published by Trustees of Boston University Stable URL http//www. jstor. org/stable/20163635 htt p//dictionary. reference. com/browse/herculean http//www. theoi. com/greek-mythology/heracles. html http//www. theoi. com/Cult/HeraklesCult. html http//www. ancientgreece. com/s/GreekMyths/Heracles/ http//www. comicvine. com/hercules/29-2503/

East African Breweries – Analysis of It’s Business & Financial Performance

Brief familiarity overview Established in 1922 and with its headquarters in Nairobi- Kenya, East African Breweries Ltd. (EABL) is aleading branded alcohol manufacturing company in the East African region engaged in the marketing,brewing and selling of alcoholic and non- alcoholic drinks as well as the manufacturing of glass containers. Majority owned by Diageo, it consists of a number of subsidiaries. 1 1. 2. Research rationale.Compared to their counterparts in the developed world, little research has been carried out on organizationsthat operate in African countries as these are seen as lacking the management capacity or financial resourceseither to compete with larger organizations in the developed world or to interest external investors. However the events of the last two years, which have seen investors lose millions of dollars in theirinvestments due to the collapse of the international financial markets, have increased the need forinternational investors to diversify their po rtfolios into regions up to now considered unimportant.By carryingout a critical credit line and financial evaluation of the performance of a typical large African organization, thisreport attempts to highlight the missed opportunities that may remain untapped in emerging markets. With annual revenues of KES 21 billion (US$ 285 million), KES 26 billion (US$ 367 million) and KES 32 1The subsidiaries include Kenya Breweries Ltd. , Uganda Breweries Ltd. , Kenya Maltings, UDV Kenya and CentralGlass Industries. The company also holds a 20% stake in Tanzania Breweries Ltd. (EABL, 2008a p. 5) 2 2009 PK Mwangi Global Consultingbillion (US$ 479 million)2in FY06, FY07 and FY08 respectively and an adherence to internationalaccounting and audit standards i. e. IFRSs and ISAs respectively, thiscompany3may represent a well managed company with growing profitability and investment potential. Thisreport attempts to establish this by analyzing its business and financial performance over a three year period. To assist in the analysis of EABLs performance the average exchange rate everyday in the three years understudy are as follows Table 1 Foreign exchange rates.Average annual exchange rate Calendar YearUS Dollars (USD) Kenya Shillings (KES)2006 1 73. 738702007 1 70. 8073320081 66. 83044 Source Oanda (2009) 1. 3. Research objective and question. This research delves into both the business and financial performance of EABL with an aim to identify themajor business elements that are key to its performance. It goes however to look at how these business factorshave impacted on the financial performance of the company. It is difficult to separate the financial performance of a company from its wider business purlieu andhence the business and financial performance of a company are closely interlinked.Decisions made at thecorporate and/ or business level impact directly on companys financial performance. Where corporatestrategy aims to grow the company through acquisition of competitor firms, this will have a direct impact onprofitability and profitability indicators. change magnitude sales in new markets will lead to bigger profits andmargins where costs are well managed. 1. 4. Research approach. Drawing primarily on second-string sources of information (accounting books, annual reports, academicjournals, newspaper articles, etc) this research sought to analyze both quantitative data and qualitative

Anecdotes For Reflection Essay

1. What was the confine about and what did you learn from it?This book is about morals based on stories on the holy prophet and the companions of the noble prophet. on that point ar stories about the imams and other prophets too. Most importantly the conclusion of this book is about to guide us to right path.I hand over learnt three important things about the first one is humiliation if you go to the fifth chapter it then go to Page 52-53 it is a wonder full story about The cheeseparingsighted and pathetic son Ill tell you in brief there was a king who had several of kids to which 1 amongst all of them was short and ugly and the others were overblown and beautiful the king always looked down at the short and ugly child. But the king never knew how intelligent the short and ugly kid was. To which the ugly boy told his father He who is taller is not necessary better or superior a sheep is clean only when an elephant like a carcass by which the started to laugh at him and hu miliating him, so I have learnt never to humiliate anyone to how ever they are.The second thing I have learnt is LIE if you double-dealing you will be caught out and your repose wont stay for a long time. And if you lie then you are compelled to say a lie again till you say the truth.The third I have learnt is ignorance if I ignore someone then straight away I have displeased four feelings first one is Bibi Fatima the second one is prophet Muhammad the third one is Allah and the forth one is the person is the one I ignored. And I shall shoot along this by making notes and try to stick on near my desk so I should remember.2. Did you like this book give reasons to your answer?I liked the book i have learnt something from each and every section and it has shown me the right path and the right teachings. These stories in the book have made me reflect to what I have done in the past and as the book got more interesting and inshallah I will try rectifying myself from now onwards. and the other I liked in this book is how he author has made sections which was very good and I am hoping to read the records for reflection part three3. Which 5 anecdotes did you like the best and wherefore?* The Jews and unlawful regimenThe part I liked is is that when were talking amongst themselves while the noble prophet who 7 years old while the Jews were having fare so 1 Jew tell to other I Have read in a scripture that a prophet would never go near a unlawful food so they invited the prophet but the noble prophet refused the Jews played this trick on the prophet twice but failed but to which interested was that the holy scripture was right and surprising too. And the other thing I loved was that the prophet was only 7 and he knew what was right and what was wrong.* Bahul the gravedigger in that location was a person in the time of the noble prophet named muadh-ibn-jabaal. Muadh-ibn-jabaal told the holy prophet there is a person who wants to see you. When the prophet walke d up to the introduction of the mosque he saw a good looking guy who was crying as if a mother would cry for his son then the prophet inquired why he was crying then the small-arm turned to the prophet and tell why should I not cry i have committed a sin which Allah will never forgive. then the prophet asked did you associate anyone else with Allah or did you kill anyone the domain said so the holy prophet said even if your sins are bigger than a mountain than Allah will forgive them so the man said that my sins are bigger than the mountains so the prophet said are you sins bigger than the seven earths, all the sands, tree, seas, the man said yes so the holy prophet inquired would you please narrate one of your sins to me the man said why not he then said for the past seven years i have been digging up people graves and took their shrouds and i sold them. indeed the prophet said o sinner stay away from me or i fear that i would burn from your fire too. At that moment the man loo ked down and went towards the mountains and tied himself and wept for forty days and asked Allah to pardon him and then Allah revealed to the prophet that the man is forgiven so the prophet went to the mountains and told him that he was forgiven so the moral is that if you want be forgiven then ask from real heart and inshallah you will be forgiven.* Imam Hasan and the Syrian.I liked this anecdote because the way imam Hasan speaks about the man in this anecdote i have learnt that if your father has an enemy that does not mean that you should be his enemy you shall make good relationships and good bonds with everyone. One day a man sets his eye on the imam then he started cursing him the imam waited patiently till he finished then the imam greeted him and said If you have a desire i shall fulfil it E.T.C when the imam finished the man started crying and crying then he said i keep witness that you are the caliph of this world.* The humbleness of Salman FarsiI liked this anecdote beca use it teaches you how to be humble. If you carry things that you can carry and give someone else to carry it you get a sin and you may end up everyone being against and you might end up by people feet pleading and pleading for forgiveness. Then dictum please forgive me as i did not realise who you are.and I have learnt not to give my burden to anyone else.* Isa and the greedy person.I liked this anecdote because it has ii points one is lie and the other one is greed there was once a person in the time of Isa and Isa gave money to the man and said go and buy three loaves bread so the man came top with loaves of bread as Isa had engaged himself with prayers for a long time the man restfully consumed a loaf of brad so when Isa had finished his prayer and asked the man where is the other loaf of bread the man said that there were only two loaves of bread than they settled down and started eating when they had finished they went for a walk they saw a deer they sacrificed and started to eat it after they had finished Isa gave that deer back his life the man was shocked so Isa asked again where the third loaf of bread is the man still said there was only two so they went along and they saw three gold bricks Isa took one the man took one then Isa said this is the one who ate the third loaf of bread the man said greedily i ate the third loaf of bread.4. What didnt you understand from the book?I never understood that the noble prophet revealed his advocate till the age of 20 or higher pg 166 it says the group of Jews said to themselves that a prophet would never go near a unlawful food when the prophet was 7 they had invited him to come and eat the unlawful food And the prophet rejected it.5. What other Islamic books will I read over the nigh year.I will read the following books over the next year inshallah1. WHY I BECAME A SHIA2. ANECDOTE FOR REFLECTION PART 33. ABEAUTIFULLSTRINGOFINCIDENTS4. STORIES OF THE PROPHET.

The Salvation Army and Stakeholder Governance

As a registered charity and religious institution, the Salvation Army has been in existence for quite a long time. Though some organizations waited for the government to formulate laws that governed the use of public money, practices of transparency, financial disclosure and accountability have been engraved in their procedures even before that (Institute of policy studies, 2010). External stakeholders in the institution are found in the organization.Stakeholders in the organisation are not owners in any aspect and neither do they work in the organization but partner with the organisation in ventures that are of interest to both of them. They are called external stakeholders. Being part of the projects the stakeholders have expectations on the education they should get from the institution regarding the finance they contribute and the activities that are undertaken (Bhatia, 2007).Financial disclosures in terms of balance sheets and income statements are important to the stakeholder s especially since they contribute to the kitty of the events or activities that are carried out. Salvation Army gives disclosures not only to the external but also to the public quarterly and incorporates it in the annual report. This is to show what the organization realize or achieved with the finance (Mullins, 2005). Accountability is yet another value that the stakeholders can expect from the institution.Giving details of how the money was spent and who was involved is the main impersonal of the value. Members of the organisation believe that they owe the Almighty God accountability and do so through financial reporting to the stakeholders and other key personnel (Bhatia, 2007). transparentness is the ultimate crown for the flawless use of resources and execution of plans. In the values of the Salvation Army, this is not left out. It reveals honesty, creates good relation between the involved parties, and is a practice of Christian code of conduct (Mullins, 2005).REFERENCESB hatia, S.K. (2007). Management of Non-Profit Organisations. New Delhi Deep & Deep Publications.Institute of policy studies. (2010). Defining social impact. Retrieved on 18th grand 2010 Mullins, L. J. (2005). Management and organisational behaviour. New York, NY Prentice Hall/Financial Times.

Is It Possible for Organizations Operating in Dynamic Environments to Achieve Person-Organisational Fit to Improve Organizational Effectiveness?

Today we live in a world where alteration is inevitable. Organisations today face can-do environments characterized by substantial and often unpredictable technological, semipolitical and economic changes. The key to survival and succeeding is adaptation, in dynamic environments often an presidential terms only option is to literally do or die with regard to change. Tyagi & Gupta (2005) indicates that the primordial point of personal and disposalal effectiveness is a sense of being able to make contributions and make somewhat of a difference in any stylus possible.As case-by-cases we feel content and fulfilled when we make positive contributions to our communities, families and organisations. Similarly organisations can only secure their potential when they positively impact the lives of various stakeholders and related to entities. However the opportunity to contribute only arises if there is a endure between what people want to achieve and what the organisation wants to achieve. Thus creating a couple between the person and organisation allow both to be effective.In the past few years the concept of Person-Organizational couple (P-O) has been in a convey of flux, with many theorists putting forward conflicting views on the conceptualization of run, its measurements and its boundaries. In the broad sense of the word it is defined as the compatibility between the person and the organisation (Li, 2006). As many organisations operate in dynamic environments many changes take place and organizations have to cope with these changes by adapting their business and strategies to the turbulent environments.This essay goes on to explore the effects the changes mention have on the P-O fit and if dynamic environment allow organisations to achieve person-organisational fit in order to enhance and range organisational effectiveness. According to evidence it can be seen that it is possible to achieve P-O fit in dynamic environments however it would non be th e ideal prick to weapon to improve effectiveness due to the evolving nature of the environment as it hinders growth and discourages innovation which would non top to organizational effectiveness (Tyagi & Gupta, 2005).P-O fit refers to the extent to which and individual and the employing organization are compatible. There are however many definitions that have been put forward over the years such as value congruousness (OReilly et al. , 1991), Goal congruity (Vancouver et al. , 1994), needs and supplies demand abilities (Edwards,1991) in addition a personality-climate fit (Ryan and Schmit, 1996). However the most commonly used definition is the value congruence perspective. Verquer et al (2003) value congruence as the extent to which individual and organizational values match.Rynes and Gerhart have gone a step further and pointed out that the P-O fit is more than a mere match, as it usually implies a sense of chemistry (Bellou, 2009). Another way of conceptualising the compatibi lity between the person and organisation uses the distinction between supplementary and complementary fit. Supplementary fit occurs when a person supplements or possesses characteristics that are similar to other individuals in an environment. This congruence can be separate between complementary fit, which occurs when a persons characteristics make whole the environment or add to what is missing (Tyagi & Gupta, 2005).Further more Cable and Parsons (2001) states that P-O fit is a crucial factor in maintaining a flexible workforce and creating a high degree of organizational commitment in a closely labour market and a competitive business environment. Supporters of P-O fit state that the construct is crucial in the ask of organizational effectiveness because it has made improvements to the traditionalistic view of matching skills, knowledge and abilities in predicting if an individual result be successful in a particular organization (Chuang & Sackett, 2005).Ambrose et al, 2008 posit that individuals whose values will result in positive contributions to organizational effectiveness and lower turnover. These models may be under the assumption of static environments one must apply the dynamic nature of the current environments organisations operate in today. Kammeyer-Mueller (2007) proclaims that even though static and dynamic perspectives are portrayed as mutually exclusive alternatives, they need not be opposed to one another.Research goes on to show that constant external shocks injected into the organisations may result in changes been implemented that affects the P-O fit. These changes may sometimes lead to negative results such as turnover and intention to leave as the employees feel they no longer fit with the organisation. In addition Chatman et al (2008, p. 64) notes that, because a lack of congruence is aversive, misfits are unlikely to remain with that organization.There are also instances when individuals no longer are compatible or unhappy with the fit between the organisations and themselves due to adaptations the company undergoes however choose to remain with the organisation solely because they have no other job options. In instances where misfits remain as they perceive that it is their only choice they bring about many negative aspects into the organisation such as demotivation, low commitment, this is mainly because they try to overcompensate and command the work input output equation to fill the missing void.On the other hand the Social identity theory suggests that another mechanism by which individual dispositions might influence fit within a dynamic context. The social identity argues that the self-concept is a patchwork of various identities, such as demography, occupation, organization, subdivision and workgroup which provide proscriptions for behaviour (Ashworth & Johnson, 2001). It also states that depending on the pressures applied the identity a person adopts will differ.This however does not change the fact that the individual withal has within himself or herself, the same core set of identities. Interestingly at least in Oriental Chinese societies, leaders or managers may change their leader behaviours to create a better person-organisation value fit. This study shows that behaviours have positive effects on person-organisational fit. A crucial finding in this study was that even among employees who have been below average O-P fit can be influenced in terms of motivation commitment and trust in their leader by leader behaviours.For example employees working under high squad oriented leaders had higher motivation and commitment and trust compared to those under low team oriented leaders. This goes on to show that even though the dynamic environment may affect and the person-organisation fit and sometimes lowers the P-O value fit , organisations can static effectively operate and manage those employees with the proper management and leadership methods (Li, 2006).However this met hod might not an appropriate universal method to implement as business environments vary across nations due to cultural, legal and other aspects that are followed. However the P-O fit may not be in the best stake of the organization at times and lead to negative results. For example, extremely high levels of person-organization value fit may lead to high levels of residency and homogeneity.High levels of conformity and homogeneity will bring about a range of adverse effects which may hinder the success of the organisation, by making the organisation and its members distant less adaptable to the changes surging in the dynamic environment as well as less innovative (Li, 2006). Some evidence even go to the extent of pointing out that organisations with slight internal variation in employees perspective lead to better performance in the short run but worsened in the long run , presumably as a result of inferior adaptation (Li, 2006).Person-Organisation Fit in theory sounds like a too l that should be implemented by every organisation. Taking a closer look one can see that even though initially achieving a fit will lead to organisational effectiveness in the long run it will cause the organisation more harm than good. This is due to the fact that organisation operating in dynamic environments thrives on adaptability and innovation which is opposed by the negative by products of long term P-0 which include homogeneity and high levels of conformity.This does not mean that the concept of P-O should be completely ignored as evidence shows that it has a greater impact on individuals in an organisations resulting in positive results in comparison to organisations as a whole. In an ideal situation the individuals should adapt with the environment and perceive the changes as a learning experience to mould them to achieve the best, keeping in mind that sometime change is the key.

Determination of Brand Personality Dimensions Essay

Abstract This research was conducted to (i) get a line tell on constitution dimensions of a laptop figurer amongst computing machine science students (ii) examine signifi tailt differences in the mark record dimensions of the laptop according to the students background of gender, brand owned, course of study of study and programs and (iii) examine the alliance between perceived brand temper of the laptop and its role rating. The measurement of brand character was ground on the Aakers snitch Personality Scale.A total of 268 questionnaires were gathered from computer science students in a Malaysian open university using Stratified Random Sampling method. Confirmatory factor analytic thinking was employed to validate the measurement. The findings revealed that sincerity was the world characteristic that users of the laptop associated themselves with the brand. Ruggedness was a brand personality that nonusers associated themselves with the laptop. Significant means differ ences were observed in the brand personality dimensions of the laptop according to the students gender, present year of study and academic program.For users of the laptop, sincerity and modern of the brand personality dimensions were positively correlated with the brand fictitious character rating. For non-users, a positive correlation existed between ruggedness, diligent and modern of the brand personality with the brand quality rating. Several implications were drawn based on the results of the research to enhance branding strategies of the laptop and for future researches. Keywords Brand Personality, Brand Personality Scale, Laptop Computer secure ? 2A number of researchers have examined the success and failure of a brand. However, one area of branding strategy that has been largely overlooked by researchers is brand personality. When consumers view a brand as having human characteristics, the brand is said to have a personality. For instance, brands such(prenominal) as Harley Davidson (Ruggedness), Nike (Excitement), Hallmark (Sincerity), Wall Street Journal (Competence) and Tiffany (Sophistication) have all been found to have virile brand personalities. Yet, what kind of personality traits would a laptop computer brand have?The laptop computer industry in Malaysia is facing competitive challenges among 30 different laptop computer brands from around the gentleman such as Acer, Lenovo, Dell, HP, Compaq, Twin Head and such more. With the fast going researches and developments, this aspiration becomes trickier for laptop computer manufacturers where all of them try to pretend different identity as the reason to become outstanding in the market. This is vital because all strong laptop brands (e. g. Dell, Acer, and HP) possess outstanding quality, services and at the same snip granting the promises they gave to the consumers.Brand personality becomes compulsory to create better communication with their customers through their identity. Due to the aggre ssive competition between laptop computers company, brand personality helps them to build their own personality and stunt woman in order to become salient-kill in the eyes of the consumers. A well established brand personality will influence consumers brand preference and patronage and develops stronger emotional ties, trust, and loyalty with the brand. Thus, the purpose of this research is to narrow down the brand personality of a laptop computer among students of computer science in a public university in Malaysia.Specifically, in the first objective, we looked to see if this laptop computer brand have a brand personality and the second objective is to identify how this personality differs according to the demographic background of its users and users of other brands. Lastly, in the third objective we investigated the relationship between the laptop computer brands perceived personality and its perceived quality ratings. What is brand personality? As defined by Aaker (1997), bra nd personality refers to the do of human characteristics associated with a brand.Aaker assumes that the brands are the same with the human personality or character, and the brand personality is created when a consumer attached his or her personality-like character to a specific brand. According to Hawkins, et al (2001), brand personality can be considered as what type of person the brand would be if it were human and what it would do and like. Copyright ? 2012 Society of Interdisciplinary Business Research (www. sibresearch. org) Rev. Integr. Bus. Econ. Res. Vol 1(1) 2. 2 116 Brand as a person/ typic use As suggested by Aaker (1997), brand personality is created in the perspective of brand as a person.It has the same concept with Hawkins, Best, and Coney (2001) where they assume that the brand to be a human and every human has his own personality. Beyond such expectations, consumers often invest brands identities with human personality attributes, and this in turn leads to the emb lematical use of the brand (Hawkins et al. , 2001). According to Aaker (1996), by assuming the brand as a person, it can create a self-expressive benefit that becomes a vehicle for the customer to express his or her own personality. For example, Apple notebook computer users might identify themselves as casual, young, anti-corporate and creative.Therefore, a brand have a personality when users value beyond its functional utility and consumers will use brands as symbolic devices to explain and express their own particular proposition personality (de Chernatony and McWilliam, 1990). 2. 3 Aakers Brand Personality Scale In order to measure brand personality, Aaker (1997) had established a 42-item scale by eliminating redundancy from trait list optioned from three sources personality scales from psychologists, personality scales used by marketers (academics and practitioners), and original qualitative researches.

Alon Together

Yuqin Ge Prof. Joshua November Final Draft 4 4. 8. 2013 Imagination and Reality Individuals live with twain imagination and acceptedity. Often, imagination is based on man and root honesty. They utilize their imagination to image something they have never seen to fulfill their curiosity or something they are fervent to realize. In The World and Other Places, Jeanette Winterson depicts a boy, a fictional character, who imaged flying to many places in his childhood. When he grew up, he joined the air Force and complete the reality was not as fantastic as he had imagined.In Bumping into Mr. Ravioli, Gopnik uses his miss Olivia and her fanciful playmate Charlie Ravioli, who is always too fussy to play with her, to reveal a deeper justness about(predicate) mod York. Gopnik explains how imagination rout out be beneficial in clearing reality. Gopnik and Winterson both confirm that imagination is beneficial because it backside help individuals to develop their indistinguishabi lity and to have playfulness. One the opponent Gopnik contradicts Winterson, suggesting that imagination can also let individuals feel disappointed when imagination can not gimmick reality.Individuals can develop their identity element with imagination. Gopnik confirms Winterson on people can develop their identity through an complex number sense. In Wintersons story, the storyteller was disappointed because reality was so contrasting than his fantasies in his childhood. He hypothetic the real places and the people would be like fantasy as he imaged however, his reality let him down. He lost himself and tried to construe a specific answer to his identity, How shall I live? (287) Until one day, the fibber met an overaged woman in the park, he realized he could develop his identity through his imagination.Although the old woman was in poverty, she was happy, Happy. The kind of happiness that comes from a steadiness inside. This was genuine. This was not someone who had turn ed off from the bolted door. It was open. She was on the otherwise side. (288) The storyteller imaged there was a bolted door and the old woman was on the other side from him, because the old woman knew her identity and her expectation clearly. Here, the narrator learned he could not find his identity because he was not sitisfied with his expectation from the old woman who was on the other side.He realized and developed his identity due to the usage of imagination. Gopnik confirms Winterson that Gopnik develops his identity through his daughters imaginary relay link Charlie Ravioli who is always too busy to play with her. Olivia creates an imaginary friend based on the real creation where she lives. There is a big difference between children like Olivia and children from out of invigorated York. Olivia lives in sore York which is busy, tight and huge, and the children who live outside of the cities live in a world where they can be free to play and do as much as they want to. Charlie Ravioli is a typical naked as a jaybird Yorker, fit, opinionated, and trying to break into show business. Gopnik notices that almost every single person in New York is as busy, or may pretend as Charlie Ravioli. Gopnik is also a New Yorker, and he realizes, busyness is our art form, our civic ritual, our way of being us. Many friends have said to me that they love New York at one quantify in a way they never did before, and their love, Ive noticed, takes for its object all the things that used exasperate themthe inquisitive combination of freedom, self-made fences, and paralyzing preoccupation that the city provides. (160) He realizes that the busyness in New York is more different than before. Gopnik realizes himself as a New Yorker like Charlie Ravioli, and then he develops his identity. Wintersons developed his identity, and then he continued to seek the answer How shall I live? much deeper through his imagination. Gopnik also develops his identity and he populate s himself and New Yorkers well. Both Winterson and Gopnik confirm that individuals can develop their identity with imagination. Gopnik confirms Wintersons that individuals can have fun with their imagination.In Wintersons story, when the narrator was a child, he and his family were too poor to travel anywhere, however they spent clock on an imaginary trip in their living populate. They used their imagination to fly away to discontinue places such as Bombay, Cairo, Paris, New York and escape the reality of poverty that they faced (283). When they reached destination, they enjoyed themselves in their trip. The narrator stated, When we reached our destination, we were iris to stand up and stretch our legs. Then my sister gave us each a blindfold.We put it on, and sat quietly, dreaming, imagining, while one of us started talking about the strange place we were visiting. (284) Although they had never been to these places and didnt know the appearance of these places, they considere d these locations as amazing places to travel to. The narrator had so much fun flying an sheet with his imagination. Likewise, in Gopniks essay, his daughter Olivia has fun with her imaginary friend, Ravioli. A paracosm is an extension of imaginary friend, it is an imaginary world.He mentions about his daughter that The existence of an imaginary friend had liberated her into a paracosm, but it was a curiously New York paracosm (160) Author Gopnik uses the word paracosm in his essay which describes a detailed imaginary world which his daughter creates. His daughter has made herself her own little world with her imagination, kind of a mini New York. In this world she lives the life of a New Yorker with a busy life and with friends who have no free time to sit down and play with her.Although she is unlike the other children who play, have a nap and pay a visit to the Central Park Zoo, she is too travel to share them, that she dose have an independence hearty life, by virtue of being to busy to have one. (154) Olivia enjoys herself in her imaginary world, so she is too hurried to share them. Olivias childhood is different from other childrens. She creates her own world which based on reality. She enjoys herself with her imaginary friend in her own world. In her site, she regards this imaginary game as fun and she has fun with this creating world.The narrator had fun in his fantastic travel and Olivia enjoys herself and has fun with their imaginary world and friend. Therefore, Gopnik confirms Wintersons on individuals can have fun with their imagination. Imagination is a double-edged sword. It can benefit individuals but can also make individuals disappointed. This depends on if it is based on reality or not, Gopnik complicates Wintersons negative stance on reality. In Wintersons story, when the narrator was a child, he and his family would spend time in their living room on traveling with their imagination.They used their imagination to fly over better places, such as Bombay, Cairo, Paris, New York and escape the reality of poverty that they faced (283). After years of dreaming of these places, the narrator joined the Air Force and physically traveled to these places he imaged traveling to in his childhood. After all his traveling, he stated, Bombay. Cairo. Paris. New York. We have invented them so many times that to tell the truth will be a mortification (289). After traveling to all these amazing places, he was disappointed because he was unable to tell his amily the truth that these places were not as amazing as they had imaged them to be. He was disappointed because he had imaged these places in his childhood with his imagination, and they didnt match his expectations. Unlike the narrator, imagination benefits Gopniks daughter, due to the fact that her imaginary world is based on reality. In Gopniks essay, he illustrates how beneficial the imagination is. Gopniks daughter, Olivia, has an imaginary friend Mr. Ravioli, who is too busy to play with her.Gopniks sister certifies that children create an imaginary playmate not out of trauma but out of a serene sense of the possibilities of fiction-sometimes as figures of pure fantasy, sometimes, as Olivia had done, as observations of grown-up manners, assembled in repose and given a name. (155) This means imagination is not a trauma, is beneficial to help Olivia cognize the reality. Olivia begins to understand how to organize her experience into stories through her imagination.She created an imaginary friend based on her observation of the adults living in New York. This creation of the imagination is rooted in reality because her imagination can match the reality where she lives. Gopniks daughter creates an imaginary friend who benefits her to cognize the reality however, in Wintersons, the narrator disappointed because the reality didnt match his expectation. Gopnik contradicts Winterson on imagination can benefits individual when imagination depends on reality. I magination is a double-edged sword.If individuals are able to connect imagination with reality, they will be able to develop their identity and have fun with their own world. But if individuals cannot match imagination with reality, they would be disappointed, just like the narrator in Wintersons. In Gopniks essay, because Gopnik match reality with his daughters imaginary playmate, he develops his identity in New York. Winterson confirms Gopnik, because the narrator developed his identity through his an imaginary bolted door. Both Winterson and Gopnik confirm that individuals can have fun with their imagination.

Rap Music Essay

Often times when heap hear closely pelvis hop/ stripe music, theyll paint a picture in their heads of black men cussing, guns, marijuana, lots of gold, and girls looking like prostitutes. P arnts and teachers prep atomic number 18 an image in their kids head that Rap music is bad, and they adoptt want their kids to be influenced by something that is negative. With the way Rap music is advertised in the US, I would exact to agree with that looking at it from an average parents point of view. But what tribe entert know is that informed Hop isnt just a type of music, its a conclusion. Its a culture full of original particles, and its also a place where people can show others what theyve got and who they are. Within this original society called hep Hop, there are basically four main elements of MC, proceed, Tag, and DJ. And each is represented by millions of people all over the globe. When the four come together, it makes Hip Hop music, and people live the music instead of listening to it.MC-ing is what people know as rapping. The main point of an MC is to make your crowd enjoy your music, and to send a message out to them. dissimilar most of the lyrics out on the market today, Hip Hop contains meaning and it sends a message to the listeners. Although those messages dexterity take over bad wrangling, and show images of things that are socially wrong, thats actually whats firing on where they are from, and thats who they are. Their music represents their area and their people, and its no different from a farmer relation round his cows and chickens in Idaho. Besides, Gangster Rap isn t the only type of Hip Hop music, its actually only a small sect of it all. some rappers put out lyrics about what they believe in, their own philosophies, entertaining others, and although it may seem unlikely, many lyricists seem like Einstein to me. rightful(prenominal) like all of the other geniuses like Newton, Galileo, and musically Jimi, there are MCs that are geniuses too. What makes those guys remarkable compared to others are their strength and choice of words, and their flow, or the melody, of their rhymes. I personally cant relate to the ghetto, guns, and all of that gangster stuff, so I dont listen to that genre all that much, but there are many elements people can pick up from the Hip Hop music. There is a unhurt Japanese Hip Hop scene that is growing bigger and bigger, and thats what I personally live.The following(a) element is Breaking. Breaking is a term used for dancing, and most people know it as Break Dancing. Although Breaking has become a small part of the whole dance scene in Hip Hop today, its the first form of Hip Hop dances. People spin on their heads, do handstands, slide with just their hands on the ground, spin on the floor with their legs spread out, and all kinds of dumbfounding moves. This is probably the most popular form of Hip Hop in Japan today because its so easy to begin and watch.DJs have one simp le task make people dance. Or thats what it used to be. Before, their main goal was to have the knowledge of the music so they can make people dance according to the mood and time. Also scratching records were their performance. Now, DJs have lots more jobs and probably the toughest element of all. Most DJs team up with MCs so they can act as the rhythm section of the Hip Hop performance, and to do that and be original, they must create sounds of their own. They basically make the beats and the MCs lay the words on it. The steps to be able to make beats and tracks takes lots of time, money, and mind, so most DJs dont/cant take a step further into the scene. Today, more and more artists are creating their own tracks, for the money, and they tend to realize that they cant be rapping at age 40 succession its perfectly normal for a 40 year old to be playing the guitar.It s non wrong to say that DJs are the backbones to the Hip Hop music. The final element is Tagging, and its graffiti. This is actually a contentious issue because many people believe its wrong. But its a form of art to the culture, and it shows oddball of each artist. Its definitely not just about claiming area by the gangs, and its not just about vandalizing other peoples property. People need to admit that New York City would not have its flavor that it has today without all of those artwork, and there are many artists that put up their pieces just so they can show others what they got. Its a way of communication in the form of Hip Hop.Many other types of music can be a culture too, and each person feels if it is a culture to them or not. If music means culture to that person, then they probably feel that uneasy sensation of going to bed without music, going on the train without your Walkman, and have that anger towards vacuumcleaners. Music also is a form of communication when there is the kind of society where people understand one another through it. Which creates influences on others, and makes music grow.

Gothic Story Essay

The advancing darkness overwhelmed his senses and the fear of the night crept upon him. Distant screams beyond the unavoidable forest seemed to draw him towards the tall trees ahead. He fearfully entered the overpowering forest, after a hardly a(prenominal) foot measurements in, the trees surrounded him at all angle and there was no escape. The journey had to continue, there was no turn of events back instantaneously. The scattered leaves and twigs crunched below his feet as he advertized further into the wide forest, his nose was conquered by the dominant scent of burning wood and mud.The whispering footsteps of wild beastly animals seemed to be following his every motion, then the sudden roaring wind threw him off balance and he plummeted to the ground with a colossal thud. He rose to his feet immediately and a distance ahead of him he could see the moon clear(p) fighting through the dense trees. He proceeded in the direction in which he was originally locomotion in. After a while of walking he became aware that the night was at its peak and nil and death could be hear.He fearfully darted as rapid as he could and now the opening of the forest was near, he cleared the last of the trees, and he was now out of the mighty forest. In front of him stood an isolated castle, he sceptically approached the mammoth cast iron gates that towered far to a higher place him. The gates had Brobdingnagian rusted chains securing them, precisely they were not locked. He heaved the gates with great problem and managed to open a infinitesimal gap that he was able to squeeze through.The outsmart in advance of him seemed disturbed as if some oneness had already past over it recently, he continued anyway and the gravel crunched beneath his feet, the old cold stone castle was in front of him. He approached the huge decomposition reaction wooden doors, which were wide open and he slowly entered the vast hallway, a mighty bash was heard behind him, he spun around and re alized that the doors had fastened.The hallway was moistness, with a stale smell, it was decorated with ancient cover and rotting furnishings, it seemed as if the place had been abandoned years ago and any previous owners are commodious dead, but judging by the size of the doors and gates the people who lived here must have been humongous. He progressed deeper into the ancient castle, he could hear dripping echoes around the corridor he had entered, the smell changed it was now a severe rotting smell as if something or someone had died in the area.Further forwards he cut an object respite in the centre of the corridor in the distance but he could not manifest what it was, the smell had become more dominant as he continued it was becoming unbearable, he reached the hanging object and to his disgust and astonishment was a mans leg dangling from a valet of wire tied to a pipe above his head, the leg had already begun rotting away but a lot of flesh still remained, it appeared a s if the leg was chopped of by a assassinates natural language or an axe.He had now reached the end of the corridor and was lingering at the top of a dark spiralling staircase, he descended slowly but fearfully into the darkness of the staircase that was slowly absorbing him, unable to see anything but his feet and the step he was treading on he would be unable to tell how many steps he would have to descend. Trusting himself he gripped onto the railing at one side of these stairs and went down(p) one step at a time, he had descended masses of steps, he must have been going down for at least half an hour.Finally some light began to creep in as he continued downwards he could now see the vast remaining number of steps beneath him begin to reveal themselves. He touched the walls for balance as he descended they were as cold as ice. At last he discovered that the never-ending staircase was coming to an end. He reached the final step and felt a mixture of relief because the journey h ad ended and yet he was nervous as to what lay ahead. At the end of the stair case was a poorly lit room that was damp and dirty.There was blood everywhere all over the walls and a huge puddle where he was standing. In the centre of the room he found a bleeding man tied to a small wooden chair with thick ropes. In the mans leg a large butchers knife had been wedged deep into his flesh. The room was empty except for a large leaf blade door at the back of the room. The door swung open and a giant man with a huge blood soaked knife stood at the door saturated in shadow.

Using Experiments To Identify An Unknown Compound Environmental Sciences Essay

Abstract. The intent of this experiment was to get off the unknown conglomerate. The tests that were d peerless to find the individuality of the blend include qualitative solubility runnings, quantitative solubility trials, mensurating closure conduction, anion and cation trial, incinerate trial, and formation of overhasty. It was order that the involved had no flavor, was dissolv adapted in H2O, and non soluble in methylbenzene and propanone. The ions dissociated in the H2O, making conduction. When the ammonium hydroxide trial was performed no ammonium hydroxide fragrance was produced. The flame trial yielded a colour that matched that of Na hydrogen carbonate indicating that the unknown colonial contained Na. The anion trial for chloride proved to be positive, ensuing in the brotherhoodming up that the unknown compound was sodium chloride.IntroductionThe congregation is industrious by an Environmental Protection Agency to indentify a compound in the landfill in yo ur place town. The group must to a fault detect as many chemical and physical belongingss of the compound as we can. We fatality to invent two syntheses of the compound, and equal them for cost effectivity, safety, and possible turn out seat of the compound. To place the compound, the physical belongingss ( odor, colour, and province ) carry to be established. Next, the qualitative solubility of the compound was time-tested in H2O, methylbenzene, and propanone, which would find whether the compound would fade out from rain H2O or other chemicals that may be present in the landfill and make overflow. conduction was besides tested with a voltmeter in order to find whether or non the compound would be unsecured when dissolved in H2O. If the compound was conductive it would fade out in H2O and produce an electric current. The flame trial was performed to stipulate one of the elements. A final result of H2O and the component was utilise to personate the nichrome wire in, and so the nichrome wire is dictated into the fire. If the fire produces a colour it is declarative of a reliable metalloid ion or metal. A colour is produced in the fire when the heat of the fire changes the metal ions into atoms which so become aroused and bring by visible radiation that can be waitn with the bare oculus. It is besides of import to analyse the presence of certain cations and anions utilizing trials that identify the presence of the anions chloride and sulphate, and the presence of the cation ammonium. The anion trials for chloride and convert prove to be positive when a white shine signifiers and the ammonium trial proves to be positive when an ammonium odor is produced. after all of the physical and chemical trials were performed, a solution of the unknown compound and a solution of what was deduced to be unknown compound were reacted with an vinegarish ( azotic acid ) , a base ( potassium provide oxide ) , silver nitrate, K sulphate, and K nitrate in order to find if they produce the same consequences. hydrometric filtration was so performed with the known and unknown substance. A descend was formed utilizing Ag nitrate, which could so be weighed. After the filtration procedure, the unknown compound was so synthesized to bring forth a per centum output.Consequences prorogue 1 Physical Properties TestColorWhite articulate of MatterSolidOlfactory propNoneSolubility in WaterSolubleconductivity0.35 Vs delay 2 Anion examinations efforts PerformedConsequencesTrial for ChlorideWhite Precipitate FormedTrial for SulfateNo chemical substance answerTrial for NitrateNo Brown RingTrial for CarbonateClearTrial for AcetateClear, Odorless get across 3 Cation TrialsTrials PerformedChemical reactionConsequencesTrial for AmmoniumNH4Cl + NaOH i? Ammonium SmellNo OdorFire TestBright orange tree/Yellow FireSodiumTable 4 Chemical reaction TrialsType of Chemical reactionBalanced EquationChemical reactionAcidNaCl ( aq ) + HNO3 ( aq ) & A gt NaNO3 ( aq ) + HCl ( aq )NoneBaseNaCl ( aq ) + KOH ( aq ) & A gt NaOH ( aq ) + KCl ( aq )NoneDouble SupplantingNaCl ( aq ) + AgNO3 ( aq ) & A gt AgCl ( aq ) + NaO3 ( aq )Precipitate formedDouble SupplantingNaCl ( aq ) + K2SO4 ( aq ) & A gt Na2SO4 ( aq ) + 2 KCl ( aq )NoneDouble SupplantingNaCl ( aq ) + KNO3 ( aq ) & A gt NaNO3 ( aq ) + KCl ( aq )NoneTable 5 Gravimetric AnalysisNaCl ( aq ) + AgNO3 ( aq ) & A gt AgCl ( s ) + NaNO3 ( aq )Vacuum Filtration Trial Sum of Precipitate Produced ( gms )Percent OutputKnown Trial 11.08188.18 %Known Trial 21.19697.56 %Unknown Trial 11.21198.78 %Unknown Trial 21.18596.66 %Unknown Trial 31.17095.44 %Table 6 Synthesis Chemical reactionChemical reactionSum Produced ( gms )Theoretical Output ( gms )Percent OutputHCl ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) i? NaCl ( s ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter )1.971298.55 %DiscussionFirst, the physical belongingss of the unknown compound were observed and recorded. It was found that the compound was crystalline in construction, a s olid, white, with no olfactory property ( Table 1 ) . completely of these belongingss suggest that the compound was ionic because ionic compounds do non hold a distinguishable olfactory property and are solid at room temperature because of their high thaw points. The unknown compound was so tested for solubility in H2O, methylbenzene and propanone. The compound was soluble in H2O, bespeaking the compound was a polar or ionic compound, and non soluble in methylbenzene or propanone which eliminates it being polar or nonionic. Therefore, this points to the compound being ionic. After the compound was dissolved in H2O, the conduction was tested with a voltmeter, which produced a electromotive withdraw of 0.35 Vs turn outing that the substance is conductive since it is over 0.1 Vs. This farther proves that the unknown compound was ionic since only if ionic compounds dissociate in H2O and make an electric current.The fire trial was performed to find one of the elements in the compound. Four known compounds, Na hydrogen carbonate, Mg nitrate, Ca sulphate, and K nitrate were put infra the fire trial to compare the unknown to. When the unknown compound was put under the fire trial it produced the same colour as Na hydrogen carbonate, bright orange/yellow, bespeaking the presence of Na ( Table 3 ) . The ammonium trial was besides performed to verify that the compound did non incorporate ammonium hydroxide. No odor was produced when the unknown solution and Na hydrated oxide were assorted, and a odor would bespeak the presence of ammonium hydroxide. Therefore, the compound was proven to incorporate Na. When the anion trials for chloride and sulphate were performed, a white shine was produced from the chloride trial, bespeaking the presence of chloride while the sulfate reaction created no decrease bespeaking the absence of sulphate ( Table 2 ) .In add-on, the unknown compound was put through a series of reactions along with what was believed to be the compound in o rder to compare the reactions to find if they produce the same reactions. First Na chloride, what is believed to be the unknown compound, and the unknown compound were reacted with Ag nitrate, which produced a precipitate because it was a dual supplanting that produced AgCl which is non soluble in H2O. Sodium chloride and the unknown compound were reacted with K sulphate but produced no reaction because the merchandises sodium sulphate and K chloride are some(prenominal) soluble in H2O. Sodium chloride and the unknown compound were so besides reacted with K nitrate, making a dual supplanting reaction which produces Na nitrate and K chloride, which are besides both soluble in H2O, hence bring forthing no reaction. When Na chloride and the unknown compound were reacted with an acid, azotic acid, but the presence of the Na chloride did non impact the pH of the azotic acid because it was an ionic compound. When the Na chloride and the unknown compound were reacted with a base, K hydrat ed oxide, on that point was besides no reaction or alteration in the pH of the K hydrated oxide because the Na chloride is an ionic compound. Both the Na chloride and the unknown compound produced the same consequences in every reaction further turn outing that they are one in the same ( Table 4 ) .Once it was found that Na chloride and Ag nitrate bring forth a precipitate when reacted, the reaction was used to bring forth a certain internality of precipitate which was so used in hydrometric analysis to see if both the known and unknown compound would bring forth the same sum of precipitate. The reaction that was filtrated was NaCl ( aq ) + AgNO3 ( aq ) & A gt AgCl ( s ) + NaO3 ( aq ) . The consequences from the known reaction were 1.77 gms of pervade paper and 1.081 gms of precipitate entirely, while the theoretical output was 1.225 gms. The unknown reaction has yet to be found. The per centum output for the reaction was 97.56 % ( Table 5 ) .A synthesis reaction was the concl uding trial preformed. The undermentioned chemical reaction occurred HCl ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) i? NaCl ( s ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter ) . Once all of the H2O was evaporated out with the usage of a hot home base, the precipitate was able to be weighed and the per centum output could be calculated. The reaction had a pct output of 98.55 % ( Table 6 ) .DecisionAfter being employed by the Environmental Protection Agency, the group was able to place the compound in the landfill. After all of the trials and reactions were performed, it was found that the unknown compound was sodium chloride. Its solubility in H2O, conduction, and crystalline construction points to the fact that the compound is ionic. The positive fire trial for Na indicates that Na is one of the elements in the compound because it produced a bright orange fire. The positive chloride trial, when a white precipitate was formed, indicates that chloride is the 2nd component in the compound. The unknown compound and Na chloride were put through the same reactions and consistently produced the same consequences, farther indicating that the unknown compound is sodium chloride. The gravitative analysis of the known and unknown substances provided standardised consequences, endorsing up that the unknown substance was sodium chloride. The synthesis reaction produced a percent output of 95.05 % .Experimental surgical processPhysical Properties TrialsThe physical province of the unknown compound was observed. This included the province of affair, odor ( utilizing the wafting technique ) , colour, and construction.A small(a) sum of the unknown compound was placed in about 50mL of H2O and stirred to see if it would fade out.The same solution was used for the voltmeter and the conduction was recorded.Anion TrialsChloride Ion TestApproximately 1 ml of the unknown solution was placed in a trial tubing and 1 millilitre of 6 M HNO3 was added. After that some other 1 milliliter of AgNO3 was added. Whether a white p recipitate was formed or non was recorded. If a white precipitate is observed, a chloride ion is present in the solution.Sulfate Ion TestApproximately 1 milliliter of the unknown solution was placed into a trial tubing and 1 milliliter of 6 M HCl was added. After that another 1 milliliter of BaCl2 solution was added to the same trial tubing. Whether or non a white precipitate formed was recorded. If a white precipitate is formed, sulphate is present in the solution.Cation TrialFire TestThe heat from the Bunsen fire was used to cleanse the nichrome wire.A puny sum of the unknown compound was placed onto the nichrome wire and held over the fire. The colour of the fire was observed.Ammonium TrialApproximately 1 milliliters of 6 M NaOH was added to 1 milliliter of the unknown compound solution. The pennant technique was used to observe if there was any olfactory property. If the odor of ammonium hydroxide was present, there were ammonium ions nowadays in the solution.Responsiveness Tri alsChemical reaction with an AcidA solution with a dwarfish sum of unknown compound was assorted in 50 milliliter of H2O and a tell solution of a little sum of ammonium chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions were placed in to two separate trial tubings and a little sum of HNO3.Double Displacement Chemical reactionA solution of a little sum of unknown compound was placed into 50 milliliter of H2O and a separate solution incorporating a little sum of Na chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions was placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of K2SO4 was added into each trial tubing. The trial tubings were so swirled and assorted.Double Displacement Chemical reactionA solution of a little sum of unknown compound was assorted with a solution of 50 milliliter of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of Na chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions were placed into two separate trial tu bings and a little sum of AgNO3 was added into each of the trial tubing. The trial tubings were so swirled and assorted.Double Displacement Chemical reactionA solution of a little sum of unknown compound was assorted in 50 milliliter of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of Na chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions were so placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of KNO3 was added to each trial tubing. The trial tubings were so swirled and assorted, and whether or non a reaction occurred was recorded.Chemical reaction with a BaseA little sum of unknown compound was assorted with 50 milliliters of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of ammonium chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of these two solutions were so placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of KOH was added.Hydrometric AnalysisA Buchner flask was used with a funnel placed over the top.The filter paper was weighed and so wetted with H2O somewhat.The solution incorporating the precipitate was poured onto the filter paper and left until most of the liquid had seeped through.The filter was so removed from the funnel and placed into an oven for 10 proceedingss until the precipitate and paper had wholly dried.The filter paper was so weighed with the precipitate still on top. The cargo of the filer paper was subtracted from the new weight to obtain the most accurate consequence.The process was completed common chord times with the unknown substances and twice with a known substance.Synthesis Chemical reactionApproximately 12.3 milliliters of ammonium hydrated oxide was assorted with 6.2 milliliters of hydrochloric acid in a beaker.The solution was placed on a hot home base ( under a goon ) and allowed to boil until all of the liquid evaporated.The staying precipitate was removed from the beaker and weighed.