Personality Psychology Essay Example for Free

Character Psychology Essay The term character is gotten from the Latin word persona meaning a cover. Character is a designed group of propensities, qualities, perspectives and thoughts of a person as these are sorted out remotely into jobs and statuses and as they relate inside to inspiration, objectives and different parts of selfhood. As indicated by Robert Park and Earnest Burgess Personality is the aggregate and association of those qualities which decide the job of the person in the gathering. As indicated by Linton, character grasps the complete sorted out total of mental procedures and status relating to the person. Parsonality says Maclver is all that an individual is and has encountered so far as this all can be fathomed as solidarity. As indicated by Lundberg the term character alludes to the propensities, perspectives and other social qualities that are normal for a given individual’s conduct. By character Ogburn implies the combination of the socio-mental conduct of the person, spoke to by propensities for activity and feeling, perspectives and suppositions. Davis respects character a clairvoyant wonder which is neither natural nor social yet a new from a blend of the two. As indicated by Young character is the totality of conduct of a person with a given inclination framework cooperating with a grouping of circumstances. Based on these definitions it might be said there are two primary ways to deal with the investigation of character: 1. The mental 2. The sociological The mental methodology considers character as a specific style impossible to miss to the person. This style is dictated by the trademark association of mental patterns, edifices, feelings and opinions. The mental methodology empowers us to comprehend the wonders of character confusion and the job of wishes, of mental clash and of constraint and sublimation in the development of character. The sociological methodology thinks about character as far as the status of the person in the gathering, regarding his origination of his job in the gathering of which he is a part. What others consider us has a huge influence in the development of our character. In this manner character is a total of the thoughts, mentalities and estimations of an individual which decide his job in the public arena and structure a vital piece of his character. Character is obtained by the person because of his support in bunch life. As an individual from the gathering he learns certain conduct frameworks and emblematic abilities which decide his thoughts, mentalities and social qualities. These thoughts, perspectives and qualities which an individual holds contain his character. To sum things up it very well may be stated: 1. Character isn't identified with real structure alone. It incorporates both structure and elements. 2. Character is an inseparable unit. 3. Character is neither acceptable nor terrible. 4. Each character is novel 5. Character alludes to determined characteristics of the person. It communicates consistency and normality. 6. Character is procured. 7. Character is impacted by social communication. It is characterized as far as conduct. Determinant Personality is a consequence of the blend of four elements physical condition, heredity, culture and specific encounters. Topographical condition now and again decides social inconstancy. Man comes to frame thoughts and perspectives as indicated by the physical condition he lives in. To the degree that the earth decides social turn of events and to the degree that culture thusly decides character a connection among character and condition turns out to be clear. Montesque in eighteenth century asserted that the grit of those favored by a chilly atmosphere empowers them to keep up their freedoms. Extraordinary warmth enfeebles boldness while cold causes certain force of body and brain. The individuals of mountain just as deserts are generally striking, hard and incredible. Anyway states of being are more tolerant and restricting variables than causative elements. They set the cutoff points inside which character can create. Inherited is another factor deciding human character. A portion of the similitudes in man’s character are supposed to be because of his regular heredity. Each human gathering acquires a similar general arrangement of natural needs and limits. These normal needs and limits clarify a portion of our similitudes in character. Man will in general look like his folks in physical appearance and knowledge. Anyway heredity doesn't shape human character alone and independent. We can accept that there are qualities for ordinary character attributes similarly as there are qualities for different parts of human life and working. Heredity just outfits the materials out of which experience will form the character. Experience decides the manner in which these materials will be utilized. An individual might be enthusiastic in view of his heredity however whether he is dynamic on his own conviction or for the benefit of others involves his preparation. There can be little uncertainty that culture generally decides the kinds of character that will prevail in the specific gathering. As indicated by certain sociologists character is the abstract part of culture. They view character and culture as different sides of same coin. Spiro had watched the improvement of character and the securing of culture are not various procedures but rather very much the same learning process. Character is an individual part of culture while culture is an aggregate part of character. Each culture creates its unique kind or sorts of character. A given social condition sets its member individuals off from other people working under various social situations. As indicated by Frank culture is a coercive impact ruling the individual and trim his character by goodness of the thoughts, originations and convictions which had offered as a powerful influence for him through public life. The way of life gives the crude material of which the individual makes his life. The conventions, customs, mores, religion, establishments, good and social principles of a gathering influence the character of the gathering individuals. From the snapshot of birth the kid is treated fit as a fiddle his character. Each culture applies a progression of general impacts upon the people who grow up under it. It very well may be summarized that culture significantly forms character. The individual thoughts and conduct are to a great extent the consequences of social molding. Anyway it ought not be presumed that culture is a gigantic kick the bucket that shapes such go under it with an indistinguishable example. All the individuals of a given culture are not of same cast. Character characteristics contrast inside any culture. Character isn't completely controlled by culture despite the fact that no character gets away from its impact. It is just a single determinant among others. Character is likewise controlled by another factor the specific and one of a kind encounters. There are two sorts of encounters one those that come from persistent relationship with one’s gathering, second those that emerge out of nowhere and are not prone to repeat. The kind of individuals who meet the youngster day by day impacts his character. The character of guardians accomplishes more to influence a child’s character. The social customs going from social graces to coexisting with others are intentionally instilled in the youngster by his folks. The youngster gets the language of his folks. Gathering impacts are generally more noteworthy in youth. This is the period when the connections of the youngster with the mother, father and kin influence significantly the association of his drives and feelings, the more profound and subliminal parts of his character. Gathering connection forms the child’s character. It might likewise be construed that character involves social circumstances. It has been appeared by social scientists that an individual may show genuineness in one circumstance and not in another. The equivalent is valid for other character characteristics too. Character attributes will in general be explicit reactions to specific circumstances as opposed to general standards of conduct. It is a unique solidarity with an innovative potential. Heredity, physical condition, culture and specific encounters are along these lines the four factors that clarify character â€its arrangement, advancement and upkeep. Past the joint impact of these components anyway the general commitment of each factor to character shifts with the trademark or character process included and maybe with the individual concerned. The most effective method to create 1. - 1 - Think positive considerations, both about yourself as well as other people when all is said in done. The considerations that we think before long transform into the words we state and the moves we make. Having great considerations about yourself gives you self-assurance and sense of pride, basic in any great individual. . - 2 - Never lose an opportunity to substantiate yourself. In our everyday life we ran over a few open doors which could help our self in characterizing our character. for instance on the off chance that you are in a discussion with a gathering or an individual you should talk such that you can demonstrate others what you are truly. furthermore, it doesn't make a difference in the event that you state a line or a discourse. the t hing which will matter is the expressions of yous. regardless of whether they had the option to leave an effect on others or not. 3. 3 - Look for acclaimed individuals whose character characterized them. Competitors, specialists, entertainers and performers are individuals who face difficulties in their professions regular. They must have tolerance and steadiness so as to succeed. A large number of them are modest notwithstanding their prosperity and notoriety. These are fundamental abilities which is found out come full circle in the making of a decent character. 4. - 4 - Glimpse somewhere inside yourself and consider what your identity is. Numerous individuals wind up to be superior to evident by reflection. 5. - 5 - Help any place and at whatever point you can. A little penance can come route in changing another people day. 6. - 6 - Always act naturally. On the off chance that you are following some well known character or you are by and large just you. Make sur

How to Write a College Application Essay

How to Write a College Application EssayWriting a college application essay is something that all students should prepare for before they enter college. It is important to understand what to include, how to format it and how to highlight your achievements as well as showing your interest in the school and/or program you are applying to. In this short article I will show you how to write a college application essay.You will need to start by taking some time to think about what sort of student you are. Do you prefer to have a friendly personality, or do you want to be a bit more extroverted? Are you more interested in writing essays and having conversations or are you more interested in doing research?Often college applications are written by students who already know what they want to do with their life. If this is the case, then you may want to think about what your strengths are and what courses you are studying now that can help you get a job after college. Of course, you want to b e sure to include your weaknesses too, so that the essay doesn't come across as being biased.Many times your past experiences will influence your future, such as looking at a student who has attended the same school for 10 years, or someone who has been to certain events, eaten the same food and done the same things. These past experiences are considered a part of your 'personality' and are included in the essay. However, they can also be very boring, so writing about them is not advisable. Students also don't like to read or hear about their weaknesses so it is best to focus on their strengths as well.As mentioned earlier, college application essays are supposed to demonstrate your interest in the college and in the program. While you don't want to over emphasize the admissions office's name or make a bunch of admissions based on school versus club you shouldn't be afraid to touch on some of your weaknesses either.After you have come up with your basic layout, you can start to work on the sections of the essay. Your essay is only as good as the things that you are able to highlight, so make sure you give those some thought as well. Perhaps highlight your strengths; may they be in the arts, sports, a hobby or interests.However, don't forget to highlight your weaknesses too. If you were a part of a club you may not have a specific group of interests, but maybe you have certain friends that interest you in a general way.Remember that any essays you write are reflections of you, and will reflect your personality. Remember to think about how you will look in the eyes of the admissions office as well as your own personal goals and where you would like to go after college.

Lets level the playing field for SAT prep

Let’s level the playing field for SAT prep From founder Sal Khan: I’m excited to share some very important news: The College Board just announced that they’re redesigning the SAT for 2016, and we’re partnering with them to make free, world-class prep materials. Our goal is nothing short of leveling the playing field, and we intend, with the deep expertise of the College Board behind us, to make the very best preparation for the SAT. This will be far more than just videos; it will be sophisticated, interactive software to give students deep practice and diagnose their gaps. This means that for the first time ever, all students who want to go to college can prepare for the SAT at their own pace, at absolutely no cost. Unlike other test prep, the resources on Khan Academy will be developed through a close collaboration with the authors of the SAT themselves. With this partnership, our goal is to ensure that students have a deep grasp of underlying fundamentals so they can succeed on the SAT, in college, and beyond.       I recently chatted with David Coleman, CEO of the College Board, about why they redesigned the SAT and decided to work with Khan Academy to make prep materials open and free. Check out our conversation and other information about the partnership: www.khanacademy.org/sat. What does this mean? By spring 2015, you’ll have access to state-of-the-art learning toolsexercises, software diagnostics and videosdesigned by Khan Academy and College Board specifically for the redesigned SAT. Stay tuned. In the meantime, if you are taking the SAT in 2014/15, you can start practicing today with hundreds of unreleased Math, Reading, and Writing questions from real SATs and more than 200 videos that show step-by-step solutions to each question. Onward!-Sal

Lets level the playing field for SAT prep

Let’s level the playing field for SAT prep From founder Sal Khan: I’m excited to share some very important news: The College Board just announced that they’re redesigning the SAT for 2016, and we’re partnering with them to make free, world-class prep materials. Our goal is nothing short of leveling the playing field, and we intend, with the deep expertise of the College Board behind us, to make the very best preparation for the SAT. This will be far more than just videos; it will be sophisticated, interactive software to give students deep practice and diagnose their gaps. This means that for the first time ever, all students who want to go to college can prepare for the SAT at their own pace, at absolutely no cost. Unlike other test prep, the resources on Khan Academy will be developed through a close collaboration with the authors of the SAT themselves. With this partnership, our goal is to ensure that students have a deep grasp of underlying fundamentals so they can succeed on the SAT, in college, and beyond.       I recently chatted with David Coleman, CEO of the College Board, about why they redesigned the SAT and decided to work with Khan Academy to make prep materials open and free. Check out our conversation and other information about the partnership: www.khanacademy.org/sat. What does this mean? By spring 2015, you’ll have access to state-of-the-art learning toolsexercises, software diagnostics and videosdesigned by Khan Academy and College Board specifically for the redesigned SAT. Stay tuned. In the meantime, if you are taking the SAT in 2014/15, you can start practicing today with hundreds of unreleased Math, Reading, and Writing questions from real SATs and more than 200 videos that show step-by-step solutions to each question. Onward!-Sal

Middle Childhood Play Free Essay Example, 1250 words

His system of choosing two teams went something like this, ‘he put the other kids on a straight line and had them go on opposite sides, and he would join the team that had few players. ’ This was a clear indication that children applied concrete operational thinking or thought in their everyday living. Joshua was able to logically assess the situation and derive a solution that saw ethnicity and brotherhood being reduced and promote fairness (Santrock, 2003, p. 354). More so, children are never asked to exercise regularly, but with each passing year an increased number of kids engage themselves in sports both in public and private schools (Santrock, 2003, p. 330). Participation in sports has had both negative and positive implications on children’s lives. It provides them with exercise, and boosts their self-esteem; help them create a healthy relationship with their peers. Persistence and would also help them learn how be competitive, Joshua was the fastest of th e all and he would constantly boast about it. Sports enables a child evade the delicate issue of being obese. Obesity is a serious issue not only in the United States, but around the globe as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Middle Childhood Play or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Obese children often feel insecure and cannot engage in the normal day to day activities like their peers (Santrock, 2003, p. 331). Joshua had a pal that was overweight, and he could not get in the field because of his body physic. Every child wants to be something or someone when they grow up. Joshua occasionally referred to himself as Cristiano Ronaldo (Real Madrid’s striker). Conformity is a monumental issue in the development of every child. Wanting to be someone else for Joshua helped him set goals for himself and him get good in soccer. Social comparison is, therefore, important in the development of a kid. However, discipline is another key step in early childhood development. The existence of discipline is closely linked with the ability of a child being able to control his or her emotions. Joshua towards the end was tripped by an opponent but, he was able to show composure and did not fight back. Joshua pointed out that his father always told him that it was wrong to throw punches, this, was quite intelligent of Joshua, who knows what could have happened? Intelligently he was able to solve that matter without bloodshed and hurting. Social cognition is thereby an important aspect of development, understanding this matter in their peers helps strengthen relationship, hence, reducing bullying (Santrock, 2003, p.

Criminal Justice Policy in Texas - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2494 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Criminal Justice Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The United States is a federal system made of many states that enjoy significant autonomy. For instance, all states have independent tax systems, health care policies, and criminal justice doctrines. All states design their laws to ensure conformity and agreement with the provisions of the federal law. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Criminal Justice Policy in Texas" essay for you Create order This paper will investigate Texas as far as criminal justice policy is concerned. The choice for criminal justice attributes to the fact that it is a broad area of law that has faced severe controversies in the United States. The investigation will also target Massachusetts’ case with the same policy area. The reason for choosing the two states attributes to the fact they reformed their approaches to the policy areas in the recent time. The comparison of policies with the same timeline may be reasonable than if choosing another state that has not changed its laws for many years. The choice of the two states was also necessary for deducing an understanding of the conservative aspects of the societies as far as the criminal justice system is concerned. It is worth noting that Democrats control the Massachusetts legislature while Republicans dominate the Texan politics. As such, it is expectable that most of the reforms may reflect the political leanings of the individual states. With the recent controversies in the criminal justice systems, it is expectable that the recent reforms may reflect a lot of issues covered by the federal system. This element of near similarities may ease comparison and lead to the identification of the differences and the impacts of changes. However, the fact that the two states just reformed their policies in the criminal justice system, there may be no significant impacts. Most of the effects of the changes to the justice system may be by inferences and assumptions. In the end, there will be suggestions on the necessary improvements on the Texan law to achieve the necessary gains. The suggestions will reflect the status of Massachusetts’ policies. Explanation of criminal justice policy in Massachusetts In 2018, Massachusetts state had the governor signed various laws intended to cut the rate of incarceration. The 121 pages bill has multiple policies that will divert many people to programming and treatment. The bill also seeks to improve the conditions of prisons. It also intends to support convicts to move with life after conviction. According to the Governor of the state, the bill requires $40 million in 2019 to facilitate the hiring of staff and buying of equipment as well as software to fulfill the goals (Murphy n.p). The new statute eliminates many mandatory sentencings of individuals with minor drug offenses. It creates a procedure for the expungement of records of youths and juveniles incarcerated for crimes that are no longer illegal like possession of marijuana (Schoenberg n.p). Another fascinating thing with the bill is that it increases the least age of criminal accountability from seven to twelve years. Only juvenile delinquents aged 12 years and above can face trial in children courts. It also decriminalizes some minor crimes committed by juveniles. The new bill also recognizes the socioeconomic differences in the communities. As such, the bill advocates for the examination of a person’s ability to pay before issuing a fine or a fee. In the early system, low-income and needy people convicted for crimes could not leave jail before trial because of the inability to pay bails. Additionally, the statute raises the threshold for considering theft as a felony. Murphy discusses that the r eformed law also increases the threshold for considering theft as a burglary to $1200 from $250 (n.p). Moreover, the recently signed code pushes for increased humane conditions for prisoners in solitary cells. The new law increases and strengthens penalties for individuals implicated for trafficking opioids like carfentanil and fentanyl and repeated drunk driving. Nonetheless, the same law repeals many mandatory minimum convictions for low-level offenses involving drugs. The Massachusetts Governor Baker also signed another bill that developed from the examination of reoffending in the state (Murphy n.p). The statute improves the programming present in jails and prisons, fosters community oversight, and improved behavioral health facilities and resources. Another remarkable aspect of the law is the intention to divert youthful offenders and individuals with mental health problems or addiction from undergoing court procedures. The diversion program ought to serve as an alternative to jail terms. The program will also allow judges to apply discretion to enable offenders to execute community service or relevant programs before arraignment in courts. Once someone completes the assigned program, criminal records for the given charge cease to exist. After reading the proposed bills, Governor Baker introduced recommendations that intended to improve the new statutes. One of the changes purposed to allow agencies responsible for licensing childcare providers and firearms reach to sealed records of crimes. Levin reports that the changes would also prevent some crimes affecting children from dismissal over prosecutors’ objection (n.p). Additionally, the changes by Baker would extend the mandatory suspension of license for homicides involving motor vehicles to 15 years instead of 10 years. Before Baker’s review proposals, the bill forbade guardians from testifying against their children. The new law will end the incarceration cycle, enhance victims’ support, and terminate criminalization because of poverty. Individuals convicted of minor crimes before the twenty-first birthday now have the opportunities to seal the records permanently if they did not commit other offenses. In the past, juvenile records could follow a person into adulthood and threatened the chances of the individuals to get jobs and housing opportunities. The new statute in Massachusetts introduces mandates on data-collection and record-keeping to ensure accurate tracking of arrests, incarceration, and reoffending rates. The goal of the new tracking measures is partly to determine ethnic and racial disparities (Schoenberg n.p). There are also directions for the training of law enforcement agents to avoid ethnic and racial profiling, establish trust in their respective communities, and ensure care during interaction with mentally ill individuals. The law also directs for the submission of all untested rape kits with cases of reported sexual assault for â€Å"testing within 180 days.† The new legal amendments establish prohibitions on the segregation and application of â€Å"solitary confinements† in the Massachusetts prison system. Individuals in isolated cells are subject to periodic hearings for determining the efficacy of continued isolation. The statute also intends to prohibit the placement of pregnant women and juv eniles in separate systems. There is also a provision that permits compassionate medical freedom for inmates without safety risks to the community. The rule will allow the transfer of terminally ill and elderly inmates to cheaper care. Explanation of the criminal justice policy in Texas In 2017, the Texas legislature embarked on measures to reform the criminal justice system with the intention of enhancing the safety of civilians, redeeming lives, and protecting taxpayers. For a long time, the State used the concept of debtors’ prison to lock people incapable of paying fines. This practice remained rampant in Texas, and the prison population increased significantly. However, in September 2017, the States’ Governor Greg Abbott approved two bills namely, â€Å"House Bill 351† and â€Å"Senate Bill 1913† that intended to terminate the application of debtors’ prisons. The two bills charged the state courts to issue an alternative to jail for individual’s incapable of paying fees and fines like traffic tickets and the Class C offenses that lack a possible prison sentence (Levin n.p). The reforms also instruct courts to provide community service and payment plans as well as reduce fine to match the income of individual offenders. Texas legislatures also expanded the â€Å"second chance† law of 2015 that established a ceiling for imprisonment. The law covered nonviolent minor sentences other than the first-time DWI. The 2017 reform incorporates the first-time DWI and nullifies the 2015 law as retroactive (Silver n.p). The new statute allows many people with single convictions from the past decades to sanctify their names. This bill relies on the research findings that individuals, who have served communities without recidivism for many years are unlikely to re-offend. In such cases, the â€Å"scarlet letter of a criminal record† bars them from employment and housing opportunities, which worsens safety outcomes while compromising economic productivity. The policymakers in Texas also undertook policy reforms in the criminal justice to reduce the rate of wrongful convictions by passing the HB34, which guide in handling jailhouse informants. Silver demonstrates that some jailed persons concoct stories concerning other people alleged to commit crimes in exchange for better deals in own cases (n.p). The trend has been one of the contributors towards an increase in wrongful convictions in the state. The new legislation (HB34) mandates prosecutors to monitor the application of jailhouse informants. The law also demands that prosecutors should share information of benefits offered to jailhouse informants in exchange of information with the judge, jury, and the defense. The legislature of Texas also changed the state’s jail system formed in 1993 to tackle nonviolent criminals like those sentenced for carrying below a gram of illicit drugs (Levin n.p). Such offenders have a recidivism rate of 60% and research has demonstrated that better outcomes are possible with local programs, which can hold nonviolent criminals accountable while receiving addiction treatment. The series of policy reforms in Texas has been responsible for the significant decrease in the rates of crime since 1967. Consequently, the state has shut eight prisons within the past seven years. In 2017, the lawmakers in Texas realized the need to improve public safety by creating laws that protect the police and civilians altogether. The step follows an increase in hate crimes against the police that has complicated the operations of the law enforcement workers (Levin n.p). One of the undertakings in the policy reforms is the equipping of police with sturdy bulletproof vests. The lawmakers also intend to approve laws that recognize the police as a protected group. The issue of police protection gained momentum in 2017 after an attack in Dallas that led to the death of five officers. (Silver n.p) Some legislatures intend to advocate that citizens finance the proposed bulletproof vests for patrol officers. The law also promotes for the treatment of attacks on police as hate crimes. The approval of the law on police protection will classify attacks on law enforcers with hate crimes perpetrated alongside religion, race, color, nationality, ancestry, sexual orientation, disabili ty. There is the â€Å"Senate Bill 273† proposed by Senator John Whitmire that would require the teaching of ninth graders about their responsibilities, rights, and proper behaviors among law enforcement agents and civilians. Another â€Å"Senate Bill 202† sponsored by Senator Royce West would require the police to learn together with juveniles about aspects of a criminal offense (Silver n.p). The goal of the program is to reduce police confrontations with youths and help in lowering the rate of juvenile incarceration. The bill by Royce also proposes that the driver’s handbooks and the part of written exams feature questions on encounter strategies with the police. Comparison and recommendations The criminal justice policies for Texas and Massachusetts States are similar and different in various ways. The two states are currently using new procedures as Texas approved reforms in 2017 while Massachusetts adopted the changes in April 2018. The first notable similarity between the two territories is the adoption of structures that encourage the examination of convicts to ensure that they receive light bails (Silver n.p; Murphy n.p). The two system mandates the court to run background checks on offenders before quoting binds. The overall goal of the plan is to avoid locking needy individuals because of their incapacity to pay for their freedom. The two systems also approve the use of alternative incarceration measures like community service and treatment of offenders. Another crucial similarity between the Massachusetts and Texas system concerns the provision that allows individuals to erase their early criminal records if they have no recent encounters with the law. With the reforms, people can enjoy relief from crimes committed in adolescence. The two systems recognize that such measures help the offenders to find jobs and accessible housing opportunities. The criminal justice policies of Texas and Massachusetts are also similar as far the goal to reduce mandatory minimum imprisonment is concerned (Silver n.p; Schoenberg n.p). in both states, the target to reduce minimum compulsory incarceration focus on minor drug offenses. For instance, the Texan law relieves individuals with marijuana below one gram from mandatory principles. The Texan and Massachusetts criminal justice policies advocate for training programs for the police agents to increase relationship with the public (Levin n.p; Murphy n.p). However, the approach to the training is somewhat different. The Texan reforms require that the police train in the same class with juveniles to create an understanding of responsibilities during the interaction. The goal of the training is to reduce the rate of incarcerated youths. Massachusetts’ training proposal intends to educate the security officers of manners to relate with people and avoid race and ethnic-based profiling. One of the differences between the criminal justice policies of Texas and Massachusetts concerns the issues of wrongful conviction. The Texas system has established measures to reduce wrongful convictions by increasing the responsibilities of prosecutors when grilling jailed informants (Levin n.p). In many cases, prosecutors and detained informants create terms of the corporation in investigating other people. The terms usually carry favorable conditions for the jailed information. As such, there is typically the tendency of informants giving false information that lead to wrongful convictions. Massachusetts lacks such provisions intended to reduce wrongful incarcerations. Another area of distinction between the criminal justice policies applied in Massachusetts and Texas concern the safety of the police officers. The Texan reforms recognize that police officers are facing increasing vulnerability to hate crimes (Silver n.p). This understanding followed a series of attacks on law enforcement officers. In 2017, Texas lost five officers to hate crime attackers (Levin n.p). With the intention to improve police safety, there is a clause in the reform that seeks to buy sturdy bulletproof vests for the police agents. Massachusetts has no law advocating for such direct investment in police safety. From the comparison of the two policies on criminal justice, some can deduce some recommendations to improve the Texan case. First, it is essential for Texas to emulate the steps by Massachusetts to increase the age of juvenile responsibility for crimes. The undertaking can foster measures to reduce the rate of incarcerating children. Another recommendation is for Texas to clarify the actions it can take regarding the handling of hard opioid drugs. Massachusetts is clear about the legislation and increases punishments for the individual caught with opioids and synthetic substances. The step may help the Texan administration in reducing backlash with civil rights movements that may demand equal treatment of individuals caught with marijuana and opioids. The Texan legislatures should emulate Massachusetts’ system that calls for strict background checks by firearm licensing agency on individuals wanting to acquire guns. The move can help in reducing instances of violent gun crime s.

The Confidential Secrets of James Thurber Catbird Seat Essay Topics Revealed

The Confidential Secrets of James Thurber Catbird Seat Essay Topics Revealed Teenage mothers are more inclined to deliver a baby with a very low birth. Secondary college understudies decide their companions for assorted reasons, and a few of their decisions could lead to constructive and unfavourable impacts. Teenage pregnancy is certainly one of such topics that is very. In the united kingdom, teenage pregnancy is widely deemed to be an issue and negative. The Southbury Training School was thought of as a model for care of this kind, with its decentralized residential strategy. The intention of this study was to figure out the relationship of self-esteem. Such a terrific and intimate experience. He's figured out another program. They also proactively look for favorable changes in government policy for their customers. For some individuals in this way in Connecticut, it's their parents, often aging and increasingly hopeless, that are made to take care of them. There's a community here, and it's well worth cultivating. He's talking about specific rules which should be followed. That arbitrary prohibition ought to be lifted. No, on account of the law which requires faith. The Inclusion movement claims that each and every person who has a disability can function locally. James Thurber Catbird Seat Essay Topics Features On the surface the dream is saying that I haven't any present method of transportation and it'll take me considerably more time to get to the next place I wish to go. After all, there's a reason our brains store memories. It is all up to him to acquire his menthrough the turmoil safely. An incredible listing of completely free essays is a fantastic bonus of this internet site. This expert-written article supplies a selection of impressive research undertaking. Because of the transient character of Internet sites, these links are updated regularly. In case the content is passable, then you may use the entire essay. James Thurber Catbird Seat Essay Topics - the Conspiracy While I didn't adore each bite of each and every dish, I did love the whole experience. The thing that struck me about the entire night was, regardless of the high amount of pretension of a number of the food and plateware choices, the entire thing was really chill. They paid and left without eating the remaining portion of the meal. The blood sausage on the opposite hand. The entire dining experience is incredible. Allow me to say, all chips ought to be dipped inside this stuff. I also really liked the different varieties of plates which were used, especially the pottery utilized for the saki tasting. The experience for a whole is wonderful. Essay writing is our key specialization. Rules alone haven't been adequate for quite a while. Reading example essays works precisely the same way! Historical context is critical. The author utilizes a creative writing style to try to catch his audience's attention throughout the full essay. I am able to testify to the experiences and the so-called accommodations the writer is writing about. From one's very first nursery rhyme book to someone's later fictional novel, it is rather simple to say that everybody has arrived across many characters among their years. The writer is disabled himself. New Questions About James Thurber Catbird Seat Essay Topics On the way from the arena, I realized this would be my very last time experiencing a hockey game for the very first time. You're treated like you're definitely the most important person in the room no matter the other 20 people sitting there. I hope your students are not that scared to finish this assignment. It books up fast, so attempt to earn your reservation a minimum of 30 days beforehand. It's a different type of experience which you wouldn't want daily. Every individual has opinions about how to enhance the Earth, though nobody wishes to practice kindness in their very own backyard. I would like to have a relationship with the men and women that are coming to my show. Getting the Best James Thurber Catbird Seat Essay Topics Johnny Bear and Mr. Martin also conduct something harmful to some other character. He replies that he has no idea what she is going on about. He believes she is threatening the existence of the firm. Furthermore, he is not merely the nerdy, precise man he is perceived as. The organic world has ever existed, whether or not you're paying attention. It supplies the kitchen an additional opportunity to shine. Anybody coming in will truly feel a feeling of community. I used ton't understand what I wished to do I just knew that I wished to attend a terrific college and figured I would figure it out there and I did.

Climate Change and World Food Supply Essay Example For Students

Climate Change and World Food Supply Essay The world needs to think of how the climate is changing the food supply of the earth. The climate is doing some really bad things to the earth. The atmosphere is also not in good shape because of climate change. Humans now need to think of how climate change is affecting people. Climate change is affecting the food supply of the world. The climate change is rapidly affecting the earth. The Greenhouse gases are what is really messing up are world food supply and what is messing up our earth. Global Warming is causing concerns because of its high content in the atmosphere already. Because of global warming the earth is going down hill fast. We the people need to step up and take part in the fight against greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are what are leading to climate change, and climate change is what is leading to the depletion of the world food supply. Because of rising greenhouse gases, by the year 2060 the temperature will rise 12 degrees (Pittock 1). We have to use more fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers. Natural fertilizers arent harmful to the environment. Scientists think that if we are lucky the populations will only double in the next 66 years (Roach 3). Although we will still have to increase the Wicker Page 3 demand for food. Between 1989 and 1990 the crops increased by 60 percent (Pittock 4). Between these two years we have increased farm machinery by 4.7 times what it was before (Pittock 4). And we gave increased electricity by 5.1 times what it was before (Pittock 4). The climate change is affecting our atmosphere and a lot of people dont know that. There are lots of pollutants in the atmosphere but the two that are important in global warming and climate change are carbon dioxide and CFCs. Between those two, carbon dioxide ranks number one pollutant in the atmosphere. CFCs are bad too, but not nearly as bad as carbon dioxide. CFCs quicken global warming (Weier 1). Greenhouse gases consist of carbon dioxide mainly and that is why we need to get rid of greenhouse gases all together. Believe it or not climate change affects people too. Global warming and pollution affects peoples breathing. Lately people with asthma have had a hard tine breathing because of global warming and pollution. Doctors have had more asthma patients in this year then in any year (Weier 2). So now what do you people think of global warming and pollution? The green revolution was largely based on increased energy in the form of irrigation, mechanization, fertilizers, and pesticides. Wicker Page 4 So far the production yields in crops are negative in the low latitude countries because of climate change. Natural fertilizer helps crops by 22 percent where as chemical fertilizers help a little better than that but they are harmful to the soil. Climate change can affect rainfall intensity, weather extremes, pests, and diseases. Studies have shown that Sub Saharan Africa will get the worst of global climate change and pollution. Also studies show that food production will have to grow 2 percent every year to sustain the food supply (Roach 1). Scientists state that this is possible. The world food supply is changing and the population needs to think about how to stop this from happening. Changing climate is changing our earth. As the climate is changing so is the world food supply. There is a high content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. People need to use natural fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers. We need to increase the demand for food. Climate change affects people too. The Green Revolution was based on the mechanics of farming. Climate change affects weather patterns too. Evolution of Forensic Psychology 300 level undergr Essay Food production must increase 2 percent ever year to keep up with the population of the world. Works Cited Pittock, A. Barrie. Climate Change and World Food Supply: special issues on environmental change and food policy. 26 Oct. 1999: Internet. 10 Oct. 1999. Available WWW: http://www.elibrary.com. Roach, John. Factory farms come under scrutiny. 26 Oct. 1999: Internet. 10 Oct. 1999. Available WWW: http://www. enn.com/enn-news- archive/1999/09/092099/ffarm_5740.asp. Weier, John. Every Cloud has a Filthy Lining. 26 Oct. 1999: Internet. 10 Oct. 1999. Available WWW: http://www.earthobservatory.nasa. gov/study/. .

Why African Americans Choose Democratic Party an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Why African Americans Choose Democratic Party by Expert Prof Akunga | 26 Jul 2016 Every major political party adopts a set of government programs. These programs contain details about how their candidates intend to run the affairs of the government once elected. Nowadays political parties say very little about their ideologies and principles on a particular issue but they give more emphasis on their proposed solutions to problems that concern the voters. Need essay sample on "Why African Americans Choose Democratic Party" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed It is these programs of government that the voters use as the basis for choosing a candidate or political party. Voters tend to identify themselves with these programs and the political parties not only attract their attention but also their loyalty. Political parties often rely on these platforms to win elections and to appeal to a number of voters including the minorities. These platforms of government may involve passage of laws that will help generate more jobs, or ensure equality between the blacks and whites or protect civil rights. It is these programs of government that the Democratic Party used to attract its voters, particularly African Americans. Though historically speaking, the African Americans favored the Republican Party over the Democratic Party certain events in our history have caused the African American voters to shift their allegiance from Republicans to the Democrats. The African Americans who once identified themselves as the Republicans decided that the Democrats can serve them better and can give them better protection for their rights and can promote their ideals and aspirations as a race. Indeed they thought that though the Democratic Party may not be perfect, considering its track record it is still the best vehicle for Black political participation, representation, and empowerment. (Donna Brazile, 2006) Our Customers Frequently Tell EssayLab writers:I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my familyEssay writers suggest: Get The Best Writing Essays Ever In TimeEssay Company Review College Papers Online Cheap Custom Essays Cheap Essays Within Hours This Research Paper aims to search and explain the possible reasons why the African Americans developed a habit of voting in favor of the Republicans during the early part of 19th Century. This research paper will also find out and explain why there was a change in the habit and shift of loyalty on the part of African-American voters from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party. This research paper also aims to find out whether in the near future the Democrats will continue to maintain the allegiance and win the support of the African American voters. African Americans Allegiance to Republican Party History will show that as a race, the African Americans were discriminated against by the whites. The whites were infatuated with the idea of their racial superiority over the African Americans. Because of these ideas of superiority, there was nothing unusual about the white employees being preferred over the blacks. They were denied the right to vote. Slavery was tolerated as a social practice. In fact, in those times the social status of a person was measured in terms of the number of African American slaves he had. The more slaves he had the higher his social status was. There was nothing extraordinary about the passage of laws providing for the separation of the blacks and whites in the use of public facilities. In the landmark ruling in Plessy v. Fergusson, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the constitutionality of a law that required segregation of blacks and whites in the use of public utilities. It declared that so long as each race was given its own facilities then there is no discrimination pursuant to the Separate but Equal doctrine. The societys toleration for discrimination was affirmed by Anthony J. Badger in Different Perspective on the Civil Rights Movement, to wit: In 1984 Jimmy Carter reflected on growing up in the segregated South. He recalled that as a young child, he, like many white children, had had an African American child as his closest friend. The two children spent all their play time together. One day they traveled on the train from Plains to Americus. Carter went into one compartment; his young friend went into another. What struck Carter in retrospect was not that the facilities had been segregated, but that, at the time, he had not thought anything about it. Anthony J. Badger It was because of this situation that the African Americans felt that they needed assistance from the government. They needed someone that will represent their interest in the government. They wanted candidates who are willing to make the necessary changes in the government and who are willing to fight and protect their rights. The Republican Party filled this important shoe for them. It was considered as the champion of the African Americans. Since the later part of the 19th Century until the early part of the 20th Century, the Republican Party earned their solid vote. It was because of their solid support that they won in the elections. It is stated that between 1860 and 1912, Republicans won every presidential election except for two. Northerners overwhelmingly supported the Republican Party. In the South, a majority of African Americans supported the Republican Party, while only a small percentage of whites did so. (Republican Party) The Republican Party earned the loyalty of the African Americans not only because of the significant efforts they made in giving the African Americans equal rights but because of the perception of a large number of African Americans that the Democrats were anti-African Americans. Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, was considered as the Great Emancipator. He passed several laws that aimed to fight for the rights of the African American. The Republicans were also responsible for the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. During the term of Ulysses Grant, another Republican, the Fifteenth Amendment was also ratified which granted the right to vote to every male citizen regardless of his age, race, color or previous condition of servitude. It is because of these laws passed by the Republicans that they earned the loyalty of African Americans. It is because of these reasons that the African Americans developed a habit of voting in favor of the Republican Party. On the other hand, the perception of the African Americans toward the Democrats during those times was that they were anti-African Americans. They tolerated slavery and wanted to retain it. They were also perceived to be responsible for the passage of several Jim Crow Laws. One example of Jim Crow Law is the law passed in Texas which required the separation in the use of public facilities between the white and the black. African Americans shift of allegiance to Democratic Party In the middle part of the 20th Century, the relationship between the Republican Party and the African Americans, however, turned sour. The Great Depression which struck the nation had more serious effects for the African Americans. They lost their jobs and had nothing to feed their family. They blamed the past Republican Presidents who did nothing to provide a solution to their economic problems. They felt that the government failed to address their needs quickly and efficiently. The habit in favor of the Republican Party was lost and the African Americans wanted to look for better alternatives. On the other hand, a Democratic candidate, Franklin D. Roosevelt was very active in trying to find a solution to the Great Depression. Because of his efforts, he won a landslide victory in the 1932 presidential elections. He was also the only person to be elected four times to the presidency. Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted major reforms in the treatment of African Americans. He came up with massive programs, such as the New Deal, which helped the African Americans cope with the economic crisis they experienced. He focused on relief of unemployment and rural distress, recovery of the economy and the long-term structural reforms to prevent a repetition of the Depression. (Democratic Party) Between 1932 and 1980, the Republicans won only four presidential elections and enjoyed a majority in the United States Congress for only four years. (Republican Party). During his first few days as American President, Roosevelt passed the following laws, the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) that included the Public Works Administration (PWA), and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). Although these laws had nothing to do with the civil rights of African Americans and had no connection with furthering their interests, these legislations earned the support of the African Americans because the president sought to ensure that the every American including the African Americans received the aid from the government. (Sue Pennington) Efforts were made to ensure that there was no discrimination in the distribution of assistance and that everyone had their fair share regardless of their color. T his intention to ensure that the programs are implemented fairly represented a drastic change for the African Americans. For the first time, there was a Democrat who treated them equally and fairly. This signaled the beginning of the shift of allegiance of the African Americans from Republican to the Democratic Party. In addition, despite the perceptions against the Democrats, Franklin Roosevelt endeared himself to the African Americans not only because of his programs but also because of his treatment and attitude toward the African Americans. He, together with his wife, were often publicly seen and photographed with African-Americans. (Sue Pennington) This was rather unusual considering that the no president before him had done the same. He also appointed more African American to high federal positions. He also created the first Black Cabinet which served as the advisor of Roosevelt in the implementation of his programs and policies. The Black Cabinet had two major tasks: to ensure that African Americans had jobs in government agencies the Cabinet represented African Americans working from within the structure of the government. Aside from the programs and policies of Democrats, there were controversies involving Republicans which contributed to the strained relationship between the Republicans and the African Americans.The Republican Richard Nixon hurt the image of his political party by becoming involved in the Watergate Scandal. Nixon denied his involvement in the scandal but when faced with impeachment, he was forced to resign. The Future of Democratic Party In politics, there are no permanent friends or no permanent enemies but only permanent interest. This may be a cliche but this captures the reality of American politics and any other politics in the world. The loyalty of the voters will remain in one candidate or political party so long as these candidates and political parties continue to listen to them and protect their interest. If the candidate or political party gets tired of taking care of his voters and stops protecting their interest by prioritizing his own interest, the voters will start looking for other alternatives. The voters will continue to check the programs of the government of every political party or candidate. The same thing happened with the Republican Party when they lost the support and loyalty of the African Americans. The same thing might happen to the Democrats if they get tired of protecting the interest of the African Americans. The statistics prove that political support and allegiance is like a pendulum which could swing in another direction in such a short time. In a study conducted by the National Opinion Poll, they found out that 63% of African American adults identified themselves as Democrats compared to 74% in 2000. Also, in 2000, only 4% of African-Americans identified themselves as Republicans, but 10% did in 2002. (Cliff Hocker, 2003) However, I believe that the Democrats will in the near future continue to get the support of the African Americans. Firstly, it continues to fight for the interest of African Americans and to promote equality for all races. Secondly, the African Americans themselves have witnessed that under the leadership of the Democratic Party, it has helped in the emergence of a black middle class and in the significant reduction in the economic and health gaps between the white and the black. Both the Democrats and the Republicans may talk about equality but it is only the Democrats who in practice have truly valued equality. Consider the forty-threeAfrican Americans who are members of Congress. (Donna Brazile) They are also Democrats. The only African Woman in Senate is also a Democrat. (Matt Lardie) Further, the Democrats have shown that they are willing to place African Americans in leadership positions not only within the party but within the government itself. It is predicted that once the Democrats regained the majority in the House of Representatives, an African American will chair the Judiciary Committee which will oversee the judicial branch of government and will handle the criminal and civil proceedings, constitutions, enforcement of laws, and warrantless arrests and searches. This could help end the violations of the civil rights and liberties of their fellow African American which continues to happen until now. If Democrats will get the majority in the House of Representative, it is also possible that an African American will lead the House Ways and Means Committee which has control over medicare, unemployment, benefits, welfare, foster care, and adoption. These important political positions will help change the lives of most African Americans. Indeed, it is only the Democratic Party who truly espoused the ideals of democracy, equality, and respect for human rights. They helped gave the African Americans a voice in shaping the course of our nation. With these, then there is no reason to change allegiance in the near future. References: Brazile, Donna. 2006. What is the Real Political Party for Black America? Ebony. Retrieved January 17, 2007 Democratic Party. Retrieved January 17, 2007 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States) Hocker, Cliff. (2003) A shift from the left: study shows blacks drifting from Democratic Party - Washington Report. Black Enterprise. Retrieved January 17, 2007 Lardie, Matt. Why the Democratic Party has the Mess I Love. The Pendulum Online. Retrieved January 17, 2007 Pennington, Sue. African Americans and the Democratic Party. Retrieved January 17, 2007 Republican Party Retrieved January 17, 2007

The Jury Trial Stage of a Criminal Case

The Jury Trial Stage of a Criminal Case A criminal trial is scheduled if a defendant continues to plead not guilty after the preliminary hearing and plea bargain negotiations have ended. If pre-trial motions have failed to get evidence thrown out or the charges dismissed, and all efforts at plea bargaining have failed, the case proceeds to trial. At the trial, a panel of jurors determines if the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt or not guilty. The vast majority of criminal cases never get to the trial stage. Most are resolved prior to trial in the pre-trial motion stage or the plea bargain stage. There are several distinct phases of a criminal trial proceeding: Jury Selection In order to choose a jury, typically 12 jurors and at least two alternates, a panel of dozens of potential jurors are summoned to the court. Usually, they will fill out a questionnaire prepared in advance that contains questions submitted by both the prosecution and the defense. Jurors are asked if serving on the jury would present a hardship on them and they are usually asked about their attitudes and experiences that might lead them to be biased in the case before them. Some jurors are typically excused after filling out the written questionnaire. Questioning Potential Jurors Both the prosecution and the defense are then allowed to question the potential jurors in open court about their potential biases and their background. Each side can excuse any juror for cause, and each side is given a number of peremptory challenges which can be used to excuse a juror without giving a reason. Obviously, both the prosecution and the defense want to choose jurors who they think are more likely to agree with their side of the argument. Many a trial has been won during the jury selection process. Opening Statements After a jury is selected, its members get their first view of the case during the opening statements by the prosecution and the defense attorneys. Defendants in the United States are presumed innocent until proven guilty, so the burden is on the prosecution to prove its case to the jury. Consequently, the prosecutions opening statement is first and goes into great detail outlining the evidence against the defendant. The prosecution gives the jury a preview of how it plans to prove what the defendant did, how he did it and sometimes what his motive was. Alternate Explanation The defense does not have to make an opening statement at all   or even call witnesses to testify because the burden of proof is on the prosecutors. Sometimes the defense will wait until after the entire prosecutions case is presented before making an opening statement. If the defense does make an opening statement, it is usually designed to poke holes in the prosecutions theory of the case and offer the jury an alternate explanation for the facts or evidence presented by the prosecution. Testimony and Evidence The main phase of any criminal trial is the case-in-chef in which both sides can present witness testimony and evidence to the jury for its consideration. Witnesses are used in order to lay  a foundation for the admitting of evidence. For example, the prosecution cannot just offer a handgun into evidence until it establishes through witness testimony why the gun is relevant to the case and how it is linked to the defendant. If a police officer first testifies that the gun was found on the defendant when he was arrested, then the gun can be admitted into evidence. Cross-Examination of Witnesses After a witness testifies under direct examination, the opposing side has the opportunity to cross-examine the same witness in an effort to discredit their testimony or challenge their credibility or otherwise shake their story. In most jurisdictions, after the cross-examination, the side who originally called the witness can ask a question on re-direct examination in an effort to rehabilitate any damage that might have been done on cross-examination. Closing Arguments Many times, after the prosecution rests its case, the defense will make a motion to dismiss the case because the evidence presented did not prove the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Rarely does the judge grant this motion, but it does happen. It is often the case that the defense does not present witnesses or testimony of its own  because they feel they were successful in attacking the prosecutions witnesses and evidence during cross-examination. After both sides rest their case, each side is allowed to make a closing argument to the jury. The prosecution attempts to strengthen the evidence they presented to the jury, while the defense attempts to convince the jury that the evidence falls short and leaves room for reasonable doubt. Jury Instructions An important part of any criminal trial is the instructions that the judge gives to the jury before they begin deliberations. In those instructions, in which the prosecution and the defense have offered their input to the judge, the judge outlines the ground rules the jury must utilize during its deliberations. The judge will explain what legal principles are involved with the case, describe important concepts of law such as reasonable doubt, and outline to the jury what findings they must make in order to come to their conclusions. The jury is supposed to abide by the judges instructions throughout their deliberation process. Jury Deliberations Once the jury retires to the jury room, the first order of business is usually to elect a foreman from its members to facilitate the deliberations. Sometimes, the foreman will take a quick poll of the jury to find out how close they are to agreement, and get an idea of what issues need to be discussed. If the initial vote of the jury is unanimous or very one-sided for or against guilt, jury deliberations can be very brief, and the foreman reports to the judge that a verdict has been reached. A Unanimous Decision If the jury is not initially unanimous, discussions between jurors continue in an effort to reach a unanimous vote. These deliberations can take days or even weeks to complete if the jury is widely split or has one holdout juror voting against the other 11. If the jury cannot come to a unanimous decision and is hopeless split, the jury foreman reports to the judge that the jury is deadlocked, also known as a hung jury. The judge declares a mistrial and the prosecution has to decide whether to retry the defendant at another time, offer the defendant a better plea deal or drop the charges altogether. Additional Stages: Stages of a Criminal Case

Finance Week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance Week 2 - Essay Example I am pleased that we can use a financial calculator to help us, but if I am unsure about the variables then it won’t help me much. For interest rates, I was previously unsure about how they are determined and why they can change so quickly. After going through Chapter 6, however, I now feel like I have a good grasp of it. 2. The financial ratio that I find easiest to understand is the single future cash flow ratio because it is very straightforward and there are no added variables. By that I mean that anyone with only a basic understanding of math would be able to comprehend it because the ratio follows a pattern. The hardest financial ratios to understand are those with multiple future cash flows because the answers can be unpredictable if there is a series of unequal amounts. The cash flow timeline helps me a lot because I can visualize each cash flow in terms of where it comes from and how it influences the overall outcome. The most difficult thing is trying to figure out where the investment problems variables fit into the equation. Once I have the right equation, I can usually solve for the unknown variable because then it just becomes a simple case of math. 3. The financial calculator is both useful and challenging for me at the same time. I like it because it helps me to find the correct answer in a short amount of time. If I have figured out all the variables, then I can simply plug the numbers in and the calculator will spit out the answer. The one problem that I have with it is that I sometimes don’t fully understand why it gave me a certain answer. If I was able to work through the problem step-by-step, then I would have a better understanding of it. 4. I would describe the current level of interest rates as moderately high. Although current inflation is relatively low due to the financial crisis, there is still a lot of risk in the marketplace, and this ensures that

FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM RELATED TO SCAFFOLDS Research Paper

FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM RELATED TO SCAFFOLDS - Research Paper Example The vibrant insinuation of this is that dipping scaffolding linked construction calamities will condense injuries and save thousands of lives. Developing and implementing a suitable fall protection plan will reduce deaths and injuries in the construction industry and guarantee that construction workers operate in a safe environment. Pandemonium took the best of the city on the morning of 24th September 2013 when a painter, john Hawkins, fell from scaffolds while working on the walls of Marinablue building in Miami, 10 feet above the ground. He tumbled onto strident erected staves of 2.5 feet that were erected by constructors who were redesigning the floor area of the verandah. The worker died proximately while workers who were bricklaying beneath the scaffold sustained somber injuries. The constructors who were on the site were amateurs and could hardly administer any reasonable first aid to the incapacitated contractors and an ambulance had to be called to ferry them to the infirmary where the paramedics would administer the proper medication. The cause of the fall remained uncertain but high on the list were employees who might have tempered with the outriggers that supported the poorly erected the fabricated frame scaffolds and the derisory working area. Garnet (2000) recaps that between 2008 and 2013, 25% of the disastrous falls in the construction sector were from roofs, scaffolding contributed to 18%, ladders 16% while structural steel and girders contributed to 8%. In all cases, the construction fatalities are associated with poor structural laying and maladministration of the fall protection systems and/or programs. Construction workers working on roofs continue undergoing lethal work-related injuries. Workers contracted by small organizations, immigrant workers, and residential construction workers and Hispanics are more

Rastafarianism Religious Beliefs: Spiritual Practices

Rastafarianism Religious Beliefs: Spiritual Practices Over the years, there have been various explanations to the causes of mental illness; while some have indicated genetic causes, others have identified socio-economic causes and others have explained it using a stress-vulnerability model. Sometimes it has been explained as a combination of these factors but irrespective of these explanations which could be argued, it has been substantiated by various studies. One cannot dismiss the strong association of cultural and religious beliefs and practices in the explanation of mental illness and how these explanation and beliefs can influence treatment options sought by the individual and clinicians attitudes and responses. In some instances, people experiencing mental illness may have delusions of religious content as this can obscure valuable diagnosis and required treatment to be given (Cinnirella and Loewenthal, 1999). Although, religion in certain instances does not have association with mental health disorders, when it does, some close associates of the person experiencing mental health difficulties see them as someone who requires treatment, while others think they have a good doctrine or fundamental ideas and will seldom seek medical or psychological intervention (Johnson-Hill, 1995). Rastafarianism is a way of life predominately allied with people of the Afro-Caribbean background. The movement turned religion, began in Jamaica in the 1930s, came into view as a proxy to the governance of western colonial authority and values. Teachings of Marcus Garvey, who advocated and championed the interests of people of African descent in the Diaspora, inspired the movement (Chevannes, 1998). There are over a million worldwide followers of Rastafarian religion. It has been estimated that about 5,000 Rastafarians are living in England and Wales in the 2001 census and there are considerable followers of the faith in communities predominately in London, Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Bristol and Nottingham (BBC, 2009). The primary aim of the religion is to bring about the elementary transformation of an unjust society. Ethiopianism is an idea that merges Ethiopia and the whole of the African continent which occupies followers of the Rastafarian faith with dreams of a return to their heaven on earth (Chevannes, 1994). Johnson-Hill (1995) stated that everything about this religion, the use of the holy herb (cannabis), the use of the term I, meaning We, and songs are all intended for the Oneness (divine self) within inner self discovery which acts to strengthen the individual. All these aid the Rastafarian to engage in purity of the mind and be regarded as person of self worth (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). The rise of Bob Marley, who was a practicing Rastafarian made the movement/ religion very popular not only in the Caribbean but the whole world and has attracted a considerable number of followers mainly blacks, and some white people who claim to have affiliation with Africa, to the ethics and practices of the Rasta faith. The inclusion of white people to the religion has led to a change in their philosophy of skin colour to an orientation of the mind and self- determinism (Johnson-Hill, 1995). Their strict teachings and practices, like any other religion may have protective factors against mental illness however it does not exempt an individual from experiencing mental health difficulties. This article will attempt to highlight the origin of Rastafarianism, spiritual practices and its impact on mental health and mental health practice. Origin of the Rastafari Religion Marcus Garvey was one of the founders of the religion. His middle name Mosiah which was interpreted by people as a link between Biblical Moses and the Messiah was very significant to his followers and turned the United Negro Improvement Association to a worldwide movement. Garvey used Biblical suggestion of Ethiopia as a place of return to Africa and also predicted to his followers to Look to Africa for the crowning of a Black King; he shall be the Redeemer (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). As Barrett (1988) pointed out, this prophecy to all of Garveys followers existed in their minds until in 1930, when Ras Tafari the great grandson of King Saheka Selassie was crowned Emperor of Ethiopia. He took up the name Haile Selassie (Might of the Trinity) and other titles as King of Kings, Lord of Lords, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, Elect of God and Light of the World and placed himself in the dynasty of King Solomon (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). Many Jamaicans and followers of the United Negro Improvement Association saw the coronation as a revelation from God and the fulfilment of the prophecy predicted earlier by Marcus Garvey. The fundamental idea of Ethiopianism and Messianism were put together by the Garvey movement whose task was to rebuild Africa shattered by the invasion of the colonialists (Chevannes, 1998). Rastafarians soon accredited themselves as part of the twelve tribes of the biblical Israel and identified with Haile Selassie as the redeemer or messiah who would lead them away from the white oppression (Babylon) with a promise of a return to Africa (Barrett, 1988). Johnson-Hill (1995) pointed out that although some followers of the faith returned to Ethiopia, others now see this mission as a psychological self discovery and personal attribute to Africa; its culture and way of life. Rastafarian beliefs, rituals and practices The Bible is of great importance to the practice of Rastafarianism but only some of its content is peculiar to the religion. However the Rasta believes in the Bible as having higher power to expose evil. They have nurtured for themselves a wide range of beliefs and spiritual practices with support from their interpretation of various texts in the Bible (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). The Rastafarians are persuaded that God is black and support their doctrine with Biblical text in Jeremiah 8:21. A reverence of Haile Selassie is very vital to the Rasta as he is perceived as a living god and returned messiah linking him to the lineage of King Solomon. The distinct characteristics of Haile Selassie is divine to the followers of Rastafarianism but to some he is an incarnation of God who is called Jah or combined as Jah-Rastafari which they support with Biblical verses in Revelations 5:2-5, Psalms 68:4 and Psalm 87:3-4. (Barrett, 1988). Chevannes (1994) points out that twice every week, the Bobo Shantis who are the strict followers of the religion use prayer and fasting and drumming as an essential part of the Rastafarian faith. On these occasions, nothing whatsoever passes their lips from noon to sunset amid worship in their temple. Prayer is predominately done three times every day, where the believer prostrates facing east at sunrise, noon and sunset. These religious beliefs and practices clearly have implications for mental health practice. The general believe in the Rastafarian religion is peace and their denouncement of violence. Sometimes this non-violent way of life is highly unachievable due to their socioeconomic strata and the militant affiliation of one section of the religion, the Nyahbingi order that might support violence. The Rastafarians lifestyle and day to day activities began as a deviation from societys norms and the formation of a cohesive unit. Protest against authority brought about violence in the early days of the founding of the religion (Johnson-Hill, 1995). The Bobo Shantis (a sect of Rastafarianism), are self mindful non violent people who wear their dreadlock hair under turbans. They desist from amassing wealth and property with a notion of living a very simple life similar to the lifestyle and practices of the ancient Israelites while observing the Sabbath weekly from Friday evening through Saturday evening (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). Another division of the Rastafarian religion is the twelve tribes of Israel which have larger and diverse followers. Each tribe is associated with a month of the year according to the names of the twelve tribes of Israel and members are deemed equal in status although they may function differently (Barrett, 1988). In the Rastafarian religion, women are seen as less superior beings and obtain the faiths thorough divine wisdom through their husband, or partner (Barrett, 1988). This indicates the possibility of Rastafarian men treating women inhumanely and possibly preventing them from accessing mental health services and treatment. There are some traditional practices which bear similarities in the practices of Rastafarians where in the public place, women must wear ankle length dresses, and hair must be covered during ritual proceedings. Rasta women are exempt from cooking when menstruating and in certain situation they are placed in seclusion (Chevannes, 1998). Although these are beliefs and custom held by the Rastafarians, it is evident that it can cause oppression to the woman, and can be a contributing factor of mental illness. Another belief or practice that can have implications for the treatment of mental illness is the Rastafarians placing a valuable importance on nature. It is seen as an endowment of Jah for healing and sanctification of mankind (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). As a result of this view, they reject unnatural things relevant to life including medical treatment, rather preferring the natural herbal use. The use of cannabis referred to by the Rastafarians as the herb, weed or ganja is believed to have been found on the grave of King Solomon and it is to aid in gaining insight into life, have a clear conscience and meditating in worship (Barrett, 1988). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Cannabis and mental health A feature that people attribute to Rastafarianism is the use of cannabis. To the Rastafarian smoking cannabis is a special spiritual experience and help in their meditation as well as enlightens their mind. A procedure referred to as reasoning. The ritualistic way involving cleansing and prayer before using cannabis is sacred to them. Smoking cannabis without purpose is regarded as disrespectful to a Rasta (Barrett, 1988). To the Rastafarian, it is their right to use cannabis but its cultivation and possession according to the law is illegal and warrants a police caution or arrest (Home Office, 2009). In a medical context, the association between cannabis sativa commonly known as cannabis, marijuana, weed, or herb and psychosis has been raised. Cannabis sativa is exceptional for producing different types of cannabinoids but the most powerful type associated with psychosis is the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which also contains carbon monoxide and carcinogens found in tobacco (Ashton, 1999). The THC content in cannabis has dramatically augmented over the years due to the advanced ways by which the plant is cultivated. The increased potency of cannabis nowadays may expose users to high doses of THC. In a study conducted by Reilly et al., (1998) using 268 long term users of cannabis with regular usage of at least three times per week, the subjects gave reasons for their cannabis use as mainly for relaxation, having a feel good effect and to alleviate stressors in their day to day lives. They however reported feelings of anxiety or depression, lack of motivation, exhibition of paranoid ideation and some also reported respiratory symptoms. Beer (2007) explained that certain individuals with a Valine modification in the dopamine-regulating COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) gene are vulnerable to developing psychosis and cannabis can exacerbate psychosis in individuals with this defect in their genome. Experiments conducted by DSouza et al (2004) described the existence of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in the healthy people in their study who were given cannabis intravenously and also a transient acute psychotic episode in others. Early commencement of cannabis u se on a frequent basis was noted as a strong predictor in the individuals future addiction to cannabis and an important relation to depression (Kalant, 2004). He further showed that there is evidence that memory and information processing in the children of women who are chronic users of cannabis were permanently affected and a susceptibility to other illicit drugs dependence in later life owing to early exposure. Still exploring the impact of cannabis use on mental health, Ashton (1999) has indicated the pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids as it enters the lungs into the blood stream and the effect it precipitates. As the cannabis smoke is inhaled or taken orally, its effect is noticed within minutes and evoking a physiological and physical effects in users. In the bloodstream, the cannabinoids are circulated quickly to parts of the body requiring high blood demand like the brain, liver and lungs. In the brain, cannabinoids like THC act as agonist at the CB1 receceptors which is only found in the brain and a second one is also located in peripheral tissues especially in the immune system (Iversen, 2003). Studies have shown that these CB1 receptors are predominately confined to axons and nerve terminals but not in the dendrites or body of the neurons. These receptors have a presynatic mechanism in origin and modify the release of neurotransmitters which are mainly found in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, hypothalamus, anterior cingulated cortex, hippocampus and cerebral cortex (Levenes et al., 1998). Chronic cannabis use is linked to memory, learning impairment and cognitive function which are allied with the cortex and the hippocampus with subsequent mental health deficit (Iversen, 2003). Impaired judgement by these users relates to disruption in their decision making. This effect of cannabis on the brain explains the effect of the amount of dopamine released corresponds to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia whereby excessive production of dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia (Johns, 2001). There is an extensive research highlighting the adverse effect cannabis has on ones mental state most especially in chronic or regular users. The capacity of cannabis is to generate a high, a notion widely associated with its use. Its abuse or addiction is related to substantial pre-morbid psychopathology (affective and personality disorders as well as psychotic disorders). The intense reaction it gives is ecstatic otherwise a euphoric, detached and relaxed feeling which may persevere with perpetual use of cannabis (Johns, 2001). Patriarchal structure and mental health implication While the woman signifies an enchanting pleasure to men and also satisfying their partners desires by not showing dissatisfaction or allowed to complain about anything in the Rastafarian faith, she is thought to denote a specific hazard to their men. Rastafarians believe that a woman is of such wayward nature that only through her male spouse, her king-man, may she attain the enlightenment of Jah (Chevannes, 1998). Using Biblical context of Adam and Eve and Samson and Delilahs experiences, Rastafarian men do not trust their women folk. This feature of the Rasta faith which has societys condemnation is the issue of dissimilarity in gender and a patriarchy practice. In certain Rastafarian communities, some of these sexist ideas results in women being marginalised, seen as inferior and a source of sin. There is a concept about women being submissive to their men folk and always show respect as well as do what they ask which is very contradictory or antithesis to their belief about human equality (Johnson-Hill, 1995). This oppression and control can lead to emotional and physical abuse in the women. Domestic violence arises when a partner considers dictating and gaining control of the other partner. Most often abusers are of the male gender and the need to dominate may arise from low self esteem, extreme inferiority issues in socioeconomic and educational status, excessive anger and jealousy. Inten se traditional beliefs or cultural practices may influence peoples behaviours as they grow either witnessing these practices of abuse from childhood or being victims of abuse themselves and the subsequent development to think it is right to control and abuse women (Briere, 1996). This occurrence of jealousy, insecurity and all forms of abuse with the situation of intimate relationship are common (Spiegel, 2003). Abuse is often thought as a physical abuse but emotional and verbal aspects can be as damaging as that of the physical. In many situations of abuse, these women will seldom report such incidences and only in serious proportions resulting in injuries and death reaches the attention of the authorities. Women experiencing this ordeal of pain and trauma in their relationships are referred to seek mental health and psychological interventions (Salter, 1995). In a cross-sectional survey comprising of 432 women who attended walk-in clinics, Maharaj et al (2010) used the Woman Abuse Screening Test (WAST) and showed a major association between abuse in mental health disorders in the patients especially depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. A longitudinal study conducted by Roberts et al (1999) with women aged between 16 to 74 years, who were treated at the accident and emergency department investigated the features of symptoms and precedents of mental illness associated with domestic violence and abuse. Their findings showed similarities with other results highlighted in other research which identified that women who suffer abuse in their adult lives suffered an impact on their mental health and other women who experienced similar abuse in their childhood as well as adult life also had a significant difficulty in their mental health than women in the control group who were women not abused in any form. These studies clearly indicate an association between abuse and mental health problems. It also indicates that addressing the issues of abuse is paramount to religious beliefs and practices in mental health practice. The other implication it has on mental health practice is; professionals ability to carry out accurate ri sk assessment and subsequently manage risk in the light of these complex beliefs and practices. Rastafarianism and the vegans syndrome The Rasta believes that it is wrong to eat the carcass of animals because then the body is being converted into a burial ground (Chevannes, 1994). Most Rastafarians will not eat animal meat, some will eat fish but not eat shellfish and the consumption of milk by some is viewed as not coming from dead animals. They will not eat fruit that has been altered from its natural form nor any food that has been processed. In vegan diet, there is a low concentration of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a vital component of the synthesis of DNA and has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders (Lerner and Kanevsky, 2002). Vitamin B12 contributes an important part in the maintenance of homeostasis in the nervous and the transport systems (haematology). The daily dietary recommendation is 2.5 Â µg and only produced naturally by some microorganisms unlike humans who have to obtain it from their diet especially in dairy products, eggs, fish and meat (Catalano et al., 1998). A decline in the level of vitamin B12 causes anaemia, a rise in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haematocrit and haemoglobin and some patients are found to have normal blood levels but deficient in this vitamin which can prove difficult to diagnose. Its role in the disorders of a neuropsychiatric is understudied, however several research cited by Catalano et al (1998) in their article has postulated toxic levels in homocysteine, axonal demylenition of neurons are a cause of deficiency in vitamin B12 and an association with mental health difficulties. It has proven a challenge to diagnose, as the psychiatric symptoms sometimes can present with or without hematologic or neurological appearance (Sabeen and Holroyd, 2009). There is a correlation between vitamin B12 deficiency and different types of psychiatric and neurological deficits. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) plays an important role as a coenzyme in human metabolism which contributes to the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as d opamine, serotonin and noradrenalin. Defects in these neurotransmitters can lead to a decline in mental state and subsequently evolve into a psychiatric disorder (Hutto, 1997). Symptoms of a psychiatric nature that is accredited to a deficiency to vitamin B12 are a decline in cognitive function, confusion, delirium, depression, acute psychosis (agitation, paranoia, hallucination) and a rare schizophrenia presentation. In the older adult patients, there are reported cases of dementia and catatonic presentation and other patients presented with neurological deficit like paresthesias, ataxia and other sensory impairments (N. Berry, Sagar and Tripathi, 2003). Recommendations It is very evident that the religious beliefs and practices of Rastafarians have implications for mental health and mental health practice. It will be recommended that; Practice Rastafarians have nurtured a phonological scheme of words into a new framework of the English language which is heavily accented. This exclusive way of communicating might obstruct the clinicians task in mental health assessment of a Rastafarian. Health professionals ought to be aware of the variations in making accurate assessments. This will include sometimes consulting people with in-depth knowledge. Secondly, a thorough spiritual assessment needs to be considered especially if the patient is a practising Rastafarian as spiritual practices like chanting, fasting and their dietary needs to be adhered to and some of the beliefs and practices can be construed as symptoms. Raising awareness of vitamin B12 deficiency and its relation to psychiatric symptoms among healthcare professionals is essential to provide understanding to the vegan syndrome in these people who presents as anaemic or neuro-psychiatric disorder or both. Training regarding this causality of deficiency in vitamin B12 and psychosis should be ruled out when these group of people present with symptoms of a psychiatric nature. During any psychological or psychiatric assessment of the Rastafarian women, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of abuse and in- depth exploration into the likelihood of abuse in order to safeguard the individual. Psychological intervention could also play an important part in ensuring their well being if identified of suffering abuse. Cannabis use and its association with psychotic illness should not be undermined. Patients and their carers need to be educated about the risks of cannabis use. Staff should set up groups to educate and help patients to be abstinent. Training and Education In pre qualification training, health professionals need to be educated on the existence of such beliefs and practices and its impact on mental health assessment and management despite this group being little. Subsequently, post qualification training in religious, cultural and spiritual needs has to begin exploring the needs of this minority group. Furthermore, training in techniques such as motivational interviewing will be invaluable. Education of the general public as a whole is also important, and followers of the Rastafarian faith should be encouraged to include products like milk or take vitamin B12 supplements in their diets. Research Further research into the Rastafarian beliefs and practices and its implications for mental health need to be carried out as this is limited and almost non-existent Conclusion It has been established that the beliefs and practices of Rastafarians has implications for mental health and mental health practice. The differences between Rastafarianism and other typical religion are myriad, including: no set membership, no ordained or commanding leader, and as a whole there is association with the outside world. In certain societies, Rastafarians have been described as a religious group exhibiting delusions. The negative analysis needs to be questioned because it suggests a misinterpretation of the ideals of the religion and encourages the incorrect concept that their beliefs are atypical to notions of other religious movements. Despite these diverse ideas, it should be highlighted that Rastafarians, like other religions; Christians, Muslims, Buddhist etc are susceptible of having mental health difficulties. Diagnosis and management should be based on clinical examination and a holistic understanding of the person, in order to provide an appropriate medical, religious and cultural sensitive care.

A Teacher Affects Eternity :: Teaching, Education, Admissions

A Teacher Affects Eternity As graduation was approaching, the question running through my mind was, "What am I going to do with my life?" I knew this was an important decision, and I wanted to make sure I made the right one. I knew that I wanted to attend college, but I was debating between Physical Therapy, and Education. In making this decision, I reflected back to my Junior year in high school, when I tutored a Kindergarten class. I hadn't realized the impact that these ten kindergartners had made upon my life. With their cute sayings, their many hugs, and the excitement on their faces when learning something new; helped me to decide that Education is what I wanted to do. When I enrolled into college, I realized that becoming a teacher is a very important task. Teachers are forming the mold of future doctors, lawyers, teachers, and much more. When I become a teacher I want to portray positive characteristics that will be beneficial to my students. I want to be the type of teacher that shows compassion toward my students. I feel to portray this characteristic I must know each of my students learning capabilities, and what kind of learning strategy works for each child. I feel it's my job to make sure that my classroom is a safe haven for each child. I never want one student to be excluded. I feel being excluded would make coming to school a very terrifying experience for the child, and I want to make my classroom comfortable for everyone. I want to always go the extra-mile to help my students, and I want them to feel that if they have a problem they can always come to me for help. I want to be the teacher who offers daily encouragement. I feel encouragement is imperative when dealing with children. I feel they need encouragement so that they know they can accomplish anything they set their mind to. I want to be the teacher who makes phone calls home to parents to tell of the accomplishments that their sons/daughters are achieving. I feel that giving encouragement will make my students work harder, and they will be more successful.

Proctor and Gamble Business Plan

Subject: Entrepreneurship Company name: Proctor & Gamble Team name: TBA Sources: http://finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=PG, http://subscriber. hoovers. com/H/company360/history. html? companyId=11211000000000, www. pg. com, http://blog. marketingdoctor. tv/2008/06/06/dr-tantillos-30second-how-to. aspx Weekly stock prices: 2/4 Mon 75. 26 2/5 Tue 75. 70 1 – Who founded your company? Where? When? Why did the person start the company? What was the original product?What are the products or services your company offers today? William Procter, a candle maker, and James Gamble, a soap maker, founded the company called The Procter & Gamble Company, also known as P&G, on October 31, 1837. They merged their own small businesses and initially settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Alexander Norris, their father- in- law, persuaded them to be a business partner to each other. Therefore, they created the company and during the American Civil War, they provided the Union Army with soaps and candles. In 1880s, they marketed a new soap, called Ivory, and since then, they have extended their businesses. Today they operate in 6 sections: Beauty, Grooming, Health Care, Fabric Care and Home Care, Snacks & Pet Care segment and Baby Care and Family Care. They have Head & Shoulders, Olay, Pantene, SK-II, Wella, Braun, Fusion, Gillette, Mach3, Ace, Febreze and Downy brand names and so on. 2- What was the original form of ownership? Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, or Corporation?Has the company changed its form of ownership over the years? Why did it change? It was originally a company based on partnership. However, William Arnett Procter, William Procter's grandson introduced the profit sharing program in 1887 by giving workers shares in the company to prevent strike. 3 – Was the founder of your company an Entrepreneur? Justify your answer. The founders of P;G are deserved to be defined as Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneur itself eans that someone who is adventurous businessman strugg ling to make business more profitable, creates new things and likes to challenge. These aspects are also shown in William Procter and James Gamble. They were not satisfied with their position, instead expanded their businesses, took over other companies running a risk and prospered through the technology switchover. 4 – When your company was founded was it local, regional, national, international, or multinational?What is your company today? Justify your answer It was totally local. At first it just provided the North Army with soaps and candles, but after the American Civil War, they got fame from soldiers all over the world and established another corporation in New Castle, England in 1930. Since then, it has enlarged their field of business all around the world and nowadays it has been regarded as multinational company because of their marketing strategies and the background of faculties.